Abstract: Recently, a crystal structure of V-nitrogenase was presented, showing that one of the µ2 sulphide ions in the active site (S2B) is replaced by a lighter atom, suggested to be NH or NH2, i.e. representing a reaction intermediate. Moreover, a sulphur atom is found 7 Å from the S2B site, suggested to represent a storage site for this ion when it is displaced. We have re-evaluated this struc

The gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) population in the Baltic Sea is flourishing. On the one hand, this can be interpreted as successful conservation management but, on the other, the gray seal has also become a persistent problem for small-scale coastal fisheries. Departing from the appraisal theory of emotion, this case study investigated local people’s appraisals of the current situation of small

While the management of pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has improved over the last decades, the risk of maternal, foetal, and neonatal complications is still substantial. We evaluated the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) occurring in 2002-2018 among patients with SLE from the catchment area of the Department of Rheumatology in Lund, Sweden. Longitudinal clin

The question of how the urgent transformation in fossil fuel based economies might be realised has come to occupy an increasingly prominent place within the social sciences. The challenge here is often cast in terms of how one or more existing system can be replaced by alternatives in which the carbon content has been removed or at least diluted by purposeful interventions. Here we approach the qu

Abstract: Tissue paper softness relies on two major factors, the bulk softness, which can be indicated by the elasticity of the sheet, and surface softness. Measurement of surface softness is complicated and often requires a multi-step process. A key parameter defining surface softness is the topography of the surface, particularly the crepe structure and its periodicity. Herein, we present a nove

Parents and teachers play an important role in stimulating student motivation. The aim of this study was to examine if both parent and teacher enthusiasm could predict intrinsic motivation toward STEM activities, and if motivation would be associated with improved STEM achievement over one year in a one-year prospective examination of 288 Swedish students in their final year of a Science High Scho

Nest predation is a major factor affecting fitness in birds. Individuals are expected to respond to nest predation by selecting safe nesting sites and by moving away from risky sites. Thereby, perceived risk or experience of predation should lead to shifts in nest site selection. Experimental studies on behavioural and life-history consequences of nest predation have traditionally manipulated the

Researches on the modeling of machining difficult-to-cut metals are important for optimization of the processing parameters, in which the force modeling is essential due to its significant influence on the performance of tools and the quality of parts. A semi-analytical method for force prediction in orthogonal cutting with chamfered tools considering both edge and size effect is proposed in this

Turbulent fluxes make a substantial and growing contribution to the energy balance of ice surfaces globally, but are poorly constrained owing to challenges in estimating the aerodynamic roughness length (z0). Here, we used structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surveys to make plot-scale 2-D and 3-D microtopographic estimations of z0 and upscale these to ma

Background: Defunctioning loop ileostomy (DLI) in low anterior resection (LAR) in rectal cancer patients reduces the morbidity of anastomotic leakages. In our previous study, 30% of patients developed dehydration due to DLI, mostly during the first 6 weeks. This interventional study aimed to reduce these figures by establishing a surveillance programme. Methods: An interventional study of rectal c

BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence of the effects of local anesthesia (LA) on outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT), in particular among the Chinese. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the effects of LA on short-term treatment outcomes of NSPT and to determine under what circumstances LA should be prescribed to improve these outcomes. METHODS: Data from periodonta

Background: To systematically review the association between knee abduction kinematics and kinetics during weight-bearing activities at baseline and the risk of future anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. A search in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, EMBASE and Scopus was performed. Inclusion criteria were prosp

The dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems are shaped by the coupled cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and these cycles are strongly dependent on the availability of water and energy. These interactions shape future terrestrial biosphere responses to global change. Here, we present a new terrestrial ecosystem model, QUINCY (QUantifying Interactions between terrestrial Nutrient CYcles and the

Objectives To examine the long term mortality associated with preterm delivery in a large population based cohort of women, and to assess for potential confounding by shared familial factors. Design National cohort study. Setting Sweden. Participants All 2 189 477 women with a singleton delivery in 1973-2015. Main outcome measures All cause and cause specific mortality up to 2016, identified from

5G communication systems operating above 24 GHz have promising properties for user localization and environment mapping. Existing studies have either relied on simplified abstract models of the signal propagation and the measurements, or are based on direct positioning approaches, which directly map the received waveform to a position. In this study, we consider an intermediate approach, which con

In Finland, forests are both one of the main national economic resources and the main source of biodiversity. Lack of detailed empirical evidence of how forestry affects biodiversity limits the development of sustainable forest management. Previous studies have found that the Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a keystone species in mature coniferous boreal forests, and that its presence is a

Vegetation nutrient limitation is essential for understanding ecosystem responses to global change. In particular, leaf nitrogen (N) is known to be plastic under changed nutrient limitation. However, models can often not capture these observed changes, leading to erroneous predictions of whole‐ecosystem stocks and fluxes.We hypothesise that an optimality approach can improve representation of leaf

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Here we describe a medulloblastoma model using Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived human neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells generated from a Gorlin syndrome patient carrying a germline mutation in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) receptor PTCH1. We found that Gorlin NES cells formed tumors in mouse cerebellum mimicking human medul

Plant–soil interactions, such as the coupling of plants' below-ground biomass allocation with soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, nutrient release and plant uptake, are essential to understand the response of carbon (C) cycling to global changes. However, these processes are poorly represented in the current terrestrial biosphere models owing to the simple first-order approach of SOM cycling