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Föreliggande uppsats syftar till att, ur framförallt ett svenskt perspektiv, belysa vad s.k. självständiga bankgarantier egentligen innebär och när betalningskrav under dem kan vägras. Med tanke på att denna internationella rättsfigur ännu är tämligen oreglerad i Sverige sökes dock i betydande utsträckning ledning i engelsk och tysk rätt samt olika internationella regelverk, framförallt olika stan

On May 26, 2021, the European Medical Device Regulation (EU-MDR) entered into effect resulting in a major shift in the requirements for assessment of medical devices in Europe. The EU-MDR Cardiovascular Collaboratory (EU-MCVC) was founded to contribute to the development of faster, more efficient, and more effective pathways for innovation of cardiac medical devices. A registry is an organized sys

Att parterna vid en avtalsförhandling förhandlar på egen risk är en självklar utgångspunkt. Men redan under avtalsförhandlingar kan skadeståndsansvar uppkomma enligt rättsfiguren culpa in contrahendo. Culpa in contrahendo är en sammanfattande beteckning på olika klandervärda beteenden vid avtals ingående. Denna uppsats behandlar förutsättningarna för skadeståndsansvar när förhandlingarna inte lett

The objective of this article is to study the links between the funding of primary education, access to education and economic growth in France in the 19th century. To do this, we use information on the funding allocated by the state, départements, local authorities, and households over the period 1820-1913. Our analysis consists of two stages. Firstly, we analyse the evolution of these different

The current linear economic system is based on the extraction of natural resources, the transformation of raw materials and the disposal of waste, leading to the environmental and economic depletion of resources and society. The circular economy proposes the circularity of materials, evaluating post-consumption waste and proposing a waste hierarchy called preparation for reuse (PfR), as set out in

The 19th century in Sweden, like in many other European countries, saw a largedecline in the quantity of Neo-Latin literary production. However, a range of skillful Latin poets may be named from this period: Johan Lundblad, Johan Tranér, Emil Söderström, Johan Bergman and others, engaged as well in translating from Swedish into Latin as in composing poems of their own. It was also in the 19th cent

Menkes disease is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by neurological deterioration, failure to thrive, peculiar hair and death in childhood, secondary to mutations in the ATP7A gene. The ATP7A gene encodes for a copper transporting P-type ATPase (ATP7A), which is ubiquitously expressed. A defect of the ATP7A protein leads to both a reduced transport of copper from the intestine into the