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Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have lagged behind in educational outcomes despite having on par levels of education spending given their level of development. This suggests that LAC suffers from poor efficiency of education spending which could be due to the high level of public investment in tertiary education. Hence this study looks at the relationship between efficiency and
The triple planetary crisis exerts high pressure on countries to transform their current economic system. The transition to a green economy is not only necessary to ensure sustainable development but also essential for countries to remain economically competitive. The neighbouring countries Panama and Costa Rica are both facing significant challenges under the green transition, despite their diffe
OBJECTIVE:: We aimed to test whether eight common recently identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), strongly associated with blood pressure (BP) in the population, also have impact on the degree of BP reduction by antihypertensive agents with different mechanisms. METHODS:: In 3863 Swedish hypertensive patients, we related number of unfavorable alleles of each SNP (i.e. alleles associa
Rational, autonomous agents that are able to achieve their goals in dynamic, partially observable environments are the ultimate dream of Artificial Intelligence research since its beginning. The goal of this PhD thesis is to propose, develop and evaluate a framework well suited for creating intelligent agents that would be able to learn from experience, thus becoming more efficient at solving thei
Mutations in the gene encoding glucokinase (GCK) cause a mild hereditary form of diabetes termed maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)2 or GCK-MODY. The disease does not progress over time, and diabetes complications rarely develop. It has therefore been suggested that GCK-MODY represents a metabolically compensated condition, but experimental support for this notion is lacking. Here, we pro
By developing one overall multidiscipline case for one or several courses in an academic program, different learning challenges from multiple disciplines can be addressed in order to enhance the total learning goal. To achieve a learning goal, a generic case could be designed to bridge different disciplines in a systematic way. The important challenge is to design the case, which in its content as
Inspired by the recent Hubble Space Telescope first observations of arsenic in an astrophysical object we have determined the natural radiative lifetime of the upper states of two of the three resonance lines of As I. Short pulse laser excitation at 193.7 and 197.2 nm was achieved using different non-linear optical mixing schemes. Using time-resolved spectroscopy we obtain tau(4p(2)5s P-4(3/2))=4.
The focus of this article is on product innovations introduced by firms (establishments) and the collaborations they enter into with other firms and organizations in carrying out this activity. The theoretical framework combines innovation theories with the literature on regional innovation systems and the knowledge-based economy. Empirically we have investigated characteristics of collaboration a
The infrastructure for the third generation of mobile telephony, UMTS, is under construction in Sweden. Within three years four operators were to build competing systems to cover 99,98 % of the population. The case of the 3G infrastructure illustrates how the sustainability issues are handled in planning and environmental management, with conflicting goals between institutional levels and compet
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ämnet för den här avhandlingen är tillverkning och studier av elektroniska komponenter tillverkade av mycket små tråd- och punktformade byggmateriel. Diametern hos en sådan tråd kan vara så liten som 1 nanometer, vilket motsvarar en miljondels millimeter. När komponenter krymps till de här ytterst små dimensionerna uppstår nya fenomen, och parametrar som kan tyckas varaThis thesis describes novel methods for the fabrication of nanometer-scale electronic devices, such as single-electron transistors and resonant tunneling diodes, from wire- and dot-shaped building blocks. The first part of the thesis describes the manipulation of metal nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes using an atomic force microscope. Single-electron transistors were realized by moving nanotubes
The present study is centered on mechanisms of ischemic brain damage in hyperglycemic animals, and in those in which exaggerated intraischemic acidosis was induced by superimposed hypercapnia in normoglycemic animals. The initial experiments were focussed on the pathophysiology of postischemic seizures. Since hyperglycemic animals developed delayed postischemic hyperthermia, the question arose whe
This article aims to contribute to the rich literature on neoliberalization and trade unions in Mexico by providing an examination of the contradictory relationships between capital, trade unions and the workers they represent, in a Swedish-based transnational corporation. The article investigates how the broader international relationships of dependency and exploitation are lived by workers and t
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess whether in an urban population stage at breast cancer diagnosis is related to area of living and to what extent intra-urban differences in breast cancer mortality are related to incidence respectively stage at diagnosis. DESIGN: National registries were used to identify cases. Mortality in 17 residential areas was studied in relation to incidence and stage distribution u
Popular Abstract in Swedish Papillomvirus infekterar ett brett spektrum av ryggradsdjur, såsom människa, olika ap-arter, ko, älg, elefant, ren och bofink. Dessa virus kan ge så vitt skilda symptom som cancer och vårtor. De indelas efter vilken art de infekterar, och inom arterna efter skillnad i DNA-sekvens mellan olika isolat (typer). Hittills har 92 humana papillomvirus (HPV) typer beskrivits, oPapillomaviruses are a diverse, epitheliotropic group of viruses. Some genotypes are the main cause of anogenital cancer in humans; others can induce skin lesions. In order to investigate the occurrence of subclinical skin infections with human papillomavirus (HPV), a pair of degenerate primers (FAP59/64) was designed. Moist cotton-tipped swabs were used as a gentle method of sample collection. Di
Popular Abstract in Swedish Blågröna alger (cyanobakterier) av släktet Arthrospira förekommer i salthaltiga, alkaliska, tropiska vatten i Afrika, Asien och Centralamerika. Kanembu stammen vid Chadsjön och aztekerna i Mexiko har av tradition använt Arthrospira i matlagningen som ett näringskomplement. Under senare år har släktet Arthrospira uppmärksammats vetenskapligt och kommersiellt. Nu odlas ArThe cyanoprokaryote (blue-green algae) genus Arthrospira occurs in saline, alkaline tropical waters of Africa, Asia, and Central America. Traditionally Arthrospira has been used as a food supplement by the Kanembu tribe of Lake Chad and Aztecs living in the valley of Mexico City. It is presently cultivated in large scale throughout the world and sold as a health food supplement due to its nutritio
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ändamålet med studien var att identifiera prognostiska och etiologiska riskfaktorer för melanom och dess relation till histopatologi. Studie 1-3 innefattade 711 patienter från 1965-1989. Vi fann en mediantjocklek som varierade mellan 1,1 och 1,4 mm, utan något statistiskt förändring genom åren och en ökning av andelen tunna tumörer (<0,8 mm) som var statistiskt signifikThe purpose was to study the prognostic and aetiologic risk factors for melanoma in correlation to histopathology. Paper 1-3: Thin tumours (<0.8 mm), tumours with inflammation and median age at diagnosis were signifcantly increasing in 711 CMM patients during the period 1965-89. No difference was found in median thickness. Factors that significantly improved prognosis were; thin tumour thickness,
The operating range in HCCI mode is limited by the excessive pressure rise rate and therefore high combustion induced noise. The HCCI range can be extended with turbocharging which enables increased dilution of the charge and thus a reduction of combustion noise. When the engine is turbocharged the intake charge will have a high temperature at increased boost pressure and can then be regulated in
