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The Arctic is experiencing a phenomenon called Arctic amplification (AA) which has caused a rapid warming rate two to three times greater than that of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) or global in both observed and modelled data over the past few decades. Previous studies focused mostly on temperature and sea ice albedo feedbacks; however, the impacts of biosphere feedbacks especially from carbon cycl
Agricultural subsidies and taxation policies in Norway remain heavily skewed toward livestock, reinforcing structural barriers that hinder the transition toward sustainable and plant-based food systems. This study examines how policy drivers and barriers sustain Norway’s meat-dominated agricultural model and limit the development of plant-based production. To address this aim, the thesis investiga
This study examines whether state legitimacy can contribute to peace by analyzing how legitimacy has impacted levels of negative peace in Somalia and Somaliland since the collapse of the Somali state in 1991. Despite their similar historical cultural and social societal foundations, the two entities have followed remarking different political trajectories, with Somaliland experiencing significantl
The United Kingdom has post September 11th, and the horrifying attacks in the United States, argued that its national security is threatened by international terrorism, in particular by foreign nationals suspected of terrorism present in the country. As a consequence to this, the Government has increased its counter terrorism legislation including the implementation of the Anti-terrorism, Crime an
Småvatten är trots sin ringa storlek ekologiskt betydelsefulla och fungerar som habitat för många arter. För groddjur spelar de en avgörande roll för fortplantningen eftersom småvatten används som lekmiljö. Populationer av groddjur minskar idag över hela världen och två av de största hoten mot groddjur är habitatförlust och habitatfragmentering. I Sverige har många småvatten försvunnit som en effeDespite their size, small ponds are ecologically important and act as a habitat for many species. For amphibians they play a significant role for reproduction given that ponds are used as breeding sites. At present amphibian populations are decreasing worldwide and two of the biggest threats they face are habitat destruction and habitat fragmentation. In Sweden many small ponds have disappeared ov
Economic theory predicts a positive relationship between competition and innovation. Competition both forces and enables firms to innovate. On competitive markets firms are forced to innovate to avoid shrinking profit margins. At the same time competition also helps firms to innovate: On competitive markets information is dispersed among decentralized economic agents through price signals, informa
Variations in utilization rates of health services between different groups in society indicate inequity in access to these services. Such inequities originate from observable access barriers such as distance and price, as well as from more subtle, cultural barriers such as lack of female autonomy and control over household resources. With focus on gender inequality, and with Bangladesh as a case
The study of mental well-being has a long history, but it isn´t until the last decade or so that it has regain interest in psychology with the establishment of positive psychology as a new research discipline. The present research builds on theories of mental well-being as a continuum, in which complete mental health is labeled flourishing and incomplete mental well-being is categorized languishin
Vi lever i en värld där produkter konsumeras i en allt snabbare takt och där det sällan tas ansvar för det skapade avfallet. Plast är på många sätt ett otroligt material men det sätter en stor belastning på miljön både genom produktion och som avfall. Alternativ till konventionell, helt fossilbaserad plast har funnits och utvecklats under en tid nu, till exempel genom återvinning av PET-flaskor. IWe live in a world where products are consumed at an ever increasing rate, and where responsibility for the waste created is seldom taken. Plastics are in many ways wondrous materials, but they put a big strain on the environment, both in production and as waste. Alternatives to the conventional, virgin fossil-based plastics have been available and emerging for some time now, for example seen in t
The purpose of this study was to examine office designs, in terms of private, shared, and open plan offices. This was done by comparing the participants reported indoor climate, communication climate, and work engagement experienced in respective office design. The study was conducted with the background of the trend to use an open plan design in office spaces. Cross-sectional data on 2322 partici
When concrete slab frame bridges are designed with modern linear 3D FE-models large tensile restraint forces will arise in the transversal direction of the bridge from the temperature and shrinkage loads. These restraint forces are much larger than those that are accounted for in the older 2D models. This leads to that the amount of transversal reinforcement, calculated in the 3D FE-calculations,
More often than not one would encounter a problem, know that the solution has to meet some requirements, but do not how to start or how to progress towards solving it. Motivation for a computer that can solve the problem automatically without explicitly programming it is apparent, i.e. a computer that \programs itself", is greatly desired. The method of genetic programming has demonstrated it
We present a spectroscopic study that reveals that the metal-insulator transition of strained VO2 thin films may be driven towards a purely electronic transition, which does not rely on the Peierls dimerization, by the application of mechanical strain. Comparison with a moderately strained system, which does involve the lattice, demonstrates the crossover from Peierls- to Mott-like transitions.
The maintenance of steam turbines is expensive, particularly if dismantling is required. A concept for the provision Of Support for the maintenance engineer in determining steam turbine status in relation to the recommended maintenance interval is presented here. The concept embodies an artificial neural network which is conditioned to recognise patterns known to be related to faults. The faults S
Background. We evaluated the impact of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine on infection and cervical disease related to 10 nonvaccine HPV types (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59) associated with >20% of cervical cancers. The population evaluated included HPV-naive women and women with preexisting HPV infection and/or HPV-related disease at enrollment. Methods. Phase 3 effic
The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate utilization of medical healthcare, i.e. hospital care and outpatient care, over a period of 1 to 5 years among people aged 65 years or older. The aim was further to investigate medical healthcare utilization in relation to the predisposal factors age and sex; the enabling factors functional ability, cognitive ability, informal care, municipal long-
Background: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists have proved effective as treatment against rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), but the unresolved issue of whether the use of anti-TNF therapy increases the already elevated risk of lymphoma in RA remains a concern. Methods: Using the Swedish Biologics Register (ARTIS), the Swedish Cancer Register, pre-existing RA cohorts and cross-linkage with other na
