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This study presents a scoping review of tools to assess psychosocial stress in humanitarian aid workers, with a particular focus on the third version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III), and an overview of interventions to address work-related stress in this population. The databases Lubsearch and PsycInfo were searched for journal publications reporting on the validity of th
Dynamic pricing is a pricing strategy where prices are no longer fixed or constant. Instead, they are continuously readjusted according to perceived demand and factors that influence the desirability of the product. It is in passenger transport where it has one of its biggest applications, in order to increase profits and maximize the use of limited capacity. While extensively studied for its econ
Because of the emergence of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to first-line antituberculosis agents, one of the second-line drugs, p-aminosalicylate (PAS), has regained importance in the treatment of tuberculosis. The mode of action of PAS, however, remains controversial as to whether it inhibits mycobactin or folate biosynthesis. To unravel this, we have studied the effect of PAS on
Background. Expression of the peptide hormones ghrelin and obestatin has previously been demonstrated in human mammary glands. However, the clinical implications of the expression of these peptides in breast cancer are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential clinical value of ghrelin and obestatin as breast cancer biomarkers. Methods. A tissue microarray containing breast c
The last several decades have seen an increase in male infertility concomitant with a decline in the birth sex ratio. The conditions are believed to be linked to increased exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including the persistent organic pollutants or lifestyle factors e.g. smoking. The mechanism behind the lowered birth sex ratio is unknown, but might be due to an EDC-induced sk
We present a spectroscopic study that reveals that the metal-insulator transition of strained VO2 thin films may be driven towards a purely electronic transition, which does not rely on the Peierls dimerization, by the application of mechanical strain. Comparison with a moderately strained system, which does involve the lattice, demonstrates the crossover from Peierls- to Mott-like transitions.
The maintenance of steam turbines is expensive, particularly if dismantling is required. A concept for the provision Of Support for the maintenance engineer in determining steam turbine status in relation to the recommended maintenance interval is presented here. The concept embodies an artificial neural network which is conditioned to recognise patterns known to be related to faults. The faults S
Boreal forest ecosystems are predicted to experience hotter and drier summers due to climate change, leading to more frequently reduced soil water availability and an increased risk of droughts, as was already the case in Northern Europe during the severe summer drought of 2018. Prolonged water stress in forest ecosystems can lead to impacts ranging from reduced photosynthesis to forest dieback. H
Understanding the patterns of evolutionary sequence divergence is fundamental for comparative analyses like phylogenetics or genomics. The rate at which the different sites of protein sequences evolve is multifactorial and the causes of variation among them are highly convoluted. Inference methods have been developed to estimate site-specific evolution rates from sequence alignments. Moreover, sev
The demand for space cooling is rising. The increase in cooling demand can put significant strain on the electric grid since approximately 99% of air-conditioning and refrigeration loads worldwide are met with electricity. Many hot weather cities could benefit from district cooling (DC) systems to meet their growing cooling demand in an effective sustainable manner. Since these systems require sig
BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that prenatal or early-life exposures to environmental contaminants may contribute to an increased risk of asthma and allergies in children. We aimed to the explore associations of prenatal exposures to a large set of environmental chemical contaminants with asthma and eczema in school-age children. MethodsWe studied 1024 mother-child pairs from Greenland and U
A three dimensional cohesive zone model for perpendicular to grain wood fracture analysis is derived within the framework of plasticity theory and implemented for numerical calculations by the finite element method. The criterion used for strain instability and localization to a fracture plane is according to the orthotropic Tsai-Wu criterion accounting for all six stress components. The after loc
Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) deficiency in humans causes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease and search for treatment options, we previously generated and described a TK2 deficient mouse strain (TK2(-/-)) that progressively loses its mtDNA. The TK2(-/-) mouse model displays symptoms similar to humans harboring TK2 deficient infantile f
Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabetes är en folksjukdom som kännetecknas av förhöjt blodsocker. Sjukdomens förekomst ökar dramatiskt över hela världen och beskrivs ofta som en pandemi. I huvudsak finns det två olika former av diabetes, typ 1 och typ 2. Typ 1 drabbar oftast barn och ungdomar – de insulinproducerande β-cellerna förstörs av kroppens egna immunförsvar. Vid typ 2 diabetes ser sjukdomsbiDefective insulin secretion and insulin resistance are the two hallmarks of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). The pathophysiology of the disease is not fully understood but genetic susceptibility for the disease is a new major player in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms. T2D research has in recent years invested tremendous efforts in identifying new risk variants for the disease. It has proven t
Objectives. To investigate survival, treatment escalation, effects of first-line single- and first-line combination therapy and prognostic markers in idiopathic- (IPAH), hereditary- (HPAH) and connective tissue disease-associated (CTD-PAH) pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Design. Retrospective analysis of medical journals from PAH patients at Skane University Hospital 2000-2011. Results. 1-,
We report the results of an association study of melanoma that is based on the genome-wide imputation of the genotypes of 1,353 cases and 3,566 controls of European origin conducted by the GenoMEL consortium. This revealed an association between several SNPs in intron 8 of the FTO gene, including rs16953002, which replicated using 12,313 cases and 55,667 controls of European ancestry from Europe,
OBJECTIVE-Several transcription factors are essential to pancreatic islet beta-cell development, proliferation, and activity, including MafA and MafB. However, MafA and MafB are distinct from others in regard to temporal and islet cell expression pattern, with beta-cells affected by MafB only during development and exclusively by MafA in the adult. Our aim was to define the functional relationship
Objective. To examine pregnancy outcomes in the partners of male patients with inflammatory joint disease who were or were not exposed to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) before conception compared with the outcomes in reference subjects from the general population. Methods. Linkage of data from a longitudinal observational study of patients with inflammatory joint disease (the Norwe
