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The vantage point for this thesis is the passport as it was understood and used in the European Union from 1999 to 2001, as a requirement to cross the external borders of the EU and as a symbol of a united Europe free from a spectacular nationalism of the member states. According to nationalism, every nation should have its own state, and every state should be legitimized by a nation. If the mode
Diabetes affects enormous amounts of patients. In type 1 diabetes the insulin producing β cells in the islet of Langerhans are destroyed by the immune system. The β cells, which are located in the pancreas, regulate blood glucose levels. The lack of insulin production requires administration of insulin. This is accomplished by insulin injections. Even though the treatment methods have been improve
Precise spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression programs is a prerequisite for multicellular life. Since the discovery of DNA as the carrier of genetic information, a key question in biology has been how these hard coded instructions are read and regulated to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms and processes governing gene and genome regulation are
The complex genetics of cancer allows tumors to grow and spread undeterred by the control mechanisms of the cell. The importance of protein-coding genes in tumorigenesis is well established. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerge as key regulator of development and cellular processes such as differentiation, cell growth and cell death; processes closely linked to cancer. The aim of this thesis w
Silicon is the next most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and its biogeochemical cycle is linked with that of carbon. Further, silicon is a beneficial nutrient for plants in terrestrial ecosystems and a key nutrient for diatoms in aquatic ecosystems. During the last decade the important role of terrestrial vegetation in controlling Si fluxes downstream aquatic environments, via incorporation
The assessment of ischemic heart disease (IHD) often focuses on the detection of dysfunctional but viable myocardium which may improve in function following revascularization. Dysfunctional but viable myocardium is identified by distinct characteristics with regards to function, perfusion and viability. Therefore, in Paper I we developed a method for quantitative polar representation of left ventr
An important problem in ocean engineering is to find distributions for characteristic wave parameters. For wind-generated water waves at deep water, a Gaussian distribution for the wave-surface elevation is considered a reasonable model. Within the Gaussian assumption, extensions of Rice's formula can be applied to formulate explicit expressions for the distributions in the ergodic, or Palm, sense
This doctoral dissertation is an analysis of the novel 'The Garden' (1997), by the Russian author Nina Sadur. Drawing on feminist literary criticism, it aims at providing a woman-authored text with the in-depth study the novel’s literary sophistication calls for. The dissertation is divided into two parts: Part One presents a linear reading of the novel in which it is read as ‘aberrant discourse’
Our everyday appliances ranging from toys to vehicles, as well as the equipment used to manufacture them, contain an increasing number of embedded computers. Embedded systems software often implement functionality that is crucial for the operation of the device, resulting in a variety of timing requirements and resource utilization constraints to be fulfilled. Industrial competition and the ever i
Combustion is the most important source of energy worldwide. A better understanding of it is essential if pollutant emissions are to be reduced and combustion devices be made more efficient. This requires measurement of physical and chemical combustion parameters. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is widely employed as a laser-diagnostic technique for the detection of combustion species but it suff
Cystatins are endogenous protease inhibitors that regulate the proteolytic activities of family C1 (papain-like) cysteine proteases, such as human cathepsins B, H, K, L, and S. Cystatin C shows the fastest inhibition and the highest affinity of all cystatins towards lysosomal cysteine proteases in general and is widespread in human tissues and body fluids. Alterations in the balance between the cy
Ethanol produced from renewable resources can be used to replace fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel. This thesis deals with the development of the enzymatic process used for ethanol production from softwood. A techno-economic tool, based on Aspen Plus and Icarus Process Evaluator, was developed in which the whole process, from raw material to ethanol, was studied and critical process paramet
Factor H is the main fluid phase regulator of the alternative pathway of complement. Factor H acts as a co-factor for factor I-mediated C3b degradation, inhibits the formation of the C3bBb convertase and accelerates its decay. By discriminating between host and foreign cells, factor H inhibits complement-mediated injury to host cells. Factor H mutations have been associated with atypical hemolytic
The formation of the kingdom of Denmark is generally presented as a linear process linking ancient chiefs to the modern nation state of Denmark. This dissertation focuses on the small stories behind this great narrative of Denmark. The purpose is to show that there never was any formation process. Instead, encounters between people in the local landscapes and the Danish kingdom were both considera
This thesis consists of an introductory chapter and four research papers, summarized as follows. The overall purpose is to study various external effects of the transport system; effects that are not considered (or not fully considered) today. The first paper estimates the relationship between accident frequency and homogeneous and inhomogeneous traffic flows, which is useful for calculating the
The Grammar of The Hype digital information technology -IT- in retelling as myth its experienced reality and in scientific analysis or the IT-hype in the years prior to and at the turn of the millennium waiting for the next hype and the next, and“next”... This is the title of my thesis and it focuses rather on a particular “hype” than deals with the so-called information society as such. What is
The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of social change on Chinese intergenerational relations in contemporary Singapore. Within only three decades, Singapore has turned into a wealthy and sophisticated metropolis with a highly educated labor force. The massive transformation, however, has been accompanied by the emergence of a deep and complex generation gap. Apart from the leap
Uncontrolled proliferation and invasion are two characteristics in tumour development and progression. Previous studies have shown that invading tumour cells in colorectal cancer have low proliferation in parallel to upregulation of the tumour suppressor p16. We set out to detail the p16 expression and proliferation in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, tumours that are
For the sacrifice shelamim in the Hebrew Bible, scholars have suggested a number of different interpretations and uses. This sacrifice also had an ambiguous role in Israelite culture. Lack of a general consensus and the failure to reach a satisfying solution makes the shelamim a puzzle and an interesting sacrifice to investigate with insights gained from modern ritual studies. In this study, it i
The number of fractures is increasing worldwide, and fractures frequently cause long-term disability, impaired quality of life and sometimes death. The Malmö Preventive Project, a population-based, prospective study, consisting of 22 444 men, mean age 44 and 10 902 women, mean age 50 years, provides data for evaluation of common public health conditions, such as fracture and diabetes. The follow-u
