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What role the state should and can play in bringing about economic development is one of the longest standing debates in the economic sciences. Yet, previous research has mostly focused on how a variety of industrial policies affect static efficiency. Few studies have tried to analyze how industrial policy and government intervention affects dynamic efficiency, i.e. an economy's ability to generat
The main purpose of the performed research presented in this thesis is to increase the understanding of the effect of variability of strength properties on the reliability of timber structural systems. Compared to other structural materials such as steel and concrete, structural timber has a considerably higher variability of strength both within and between members. The advantage of the low proba
The central topics of the thesis are autobiographical memory and metaphors. Three hypotheses are presented: (1) Autobiographical memory is better understood without dichotomizing the declarative (explicit) long-term memory system into semantic and episodic. An alternative model is proposed in which semantic and autobiographical memory are overlapping and the recollective memory is regarded as a me
A harmonic morphism is a map between two Riemannian manifolds with the property that its composition with a local harmonic function on the codomain is a local harmonic function on the domain. Such a map is automatically a harmonic map, satisfying an additional partial conformality condition called horizontal (weak) conformality. In local coordinates, this amounts to a non-linear, over-determined s
The main purpose of this thesis is the study of the structure and representation theory of simple vertex operator algebras (VOAs) of affine type at admissible levels. To do this, it is crucial to obtain knowledge of the singular vectors which generate the maximal submodules, with respect to which these VOAs appear as irreducible quotients, and therefore a substantial part of the text is devoted to
This thesis consists of 4 papers, their content is described below: Paper I. We present a new method for manufacturing complex-valued harmonic morphisms from a wide class of Riemannian Lie groups. This yields new solutions from an important family of homogeneous Hadamard manifolds. We also give a new method for constructing left-invariant foliations on a large class of Lie groups producing harmoni
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females. The treatment, based on clinical FIGO stage, carries a significant risk of side effects. FDG-PET enables non-invasive studies of glucose metabolism. Cancer cells show an increased glucose uptake and metabolism that can be visualised and further analysed. The aims of this thesis were to evaluate FDG-PET in the clinical management of cerv
Unsatisfactory indoor air quality (IAQ) may result from polluting emissions that are spread from building materials such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and/or microbial components or from various kinds of human activity such as smoking. Different methods are available to limit the exposure to unwanted pollutants and improve human wellbeing and health. One goal of this thesis was to determine
The present study is composed of eight chapters relating to children's rights and child labor activity in the Republic of Paraguay. The problem of child labor in Paraguay is central for this study and the legal ideals that are intended to uphold and strengthen the rights of the child are described and contrasted with the present normative reality in which the children work and live. The discrepanc
The ionization sensor is an electrical probe for diagnostics in internal combustion engines. The combustion process affects the electrical properties of the gas in the cylinder. Thus the sensor signal contains copious information about the conditions in the combustion chamber. A thorough characterization of the sensor makes it possible to take advantage of a larger portion of this information for
The sovereignty- and self-determination movements of indigenous peoples are a salient factor on the political agenda in many western world countries. Indigenous peoples in Hawai´i and elsewhere have become increasingly politicised in hope of changing their relationship with the states within which they are located. The discourse of indigenous peoples turn around the concept ”First Nations” whose c
There is an increasing need for education since the workforce of today is expected to be highly educated and continuously learn. Distance education is a powerful response to meet the growing need for education. Online education, here concisely defined as distance education mediated online, is the most common type of distance education. It mainly relies on asynchronous communication although it is
The thesis treats methods for pattern recognition in multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, for application to diagnostics of epilepsy. Parts I-IV treat methods for feature extraction and clustering of EEG spikes, occurring between epileptic seizures, and part V presents a method for filtering seizure onset EEG signals. In part I, Hermite functions are used for parametric description of
The current technology within combustion engines have the possibility of handling the more stringent legislative demands on combustion engines. However the required solutions are getting more expensive and technically challenging. One possible way towards a more simple exhaust aftertreatment system is the use of the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine cycle. The main advantage o
While much of semi-arid Africa is still sparsely populated with unused land, there are everywhere pockets of high and increasing population density in attractive locations. Small-scale farmers can respond to beginning land-scarcity in a number of ways. Through migration, through diversification of livelihoods, or through changes in their farming system. Which solution is chosen, depends not only o
Why do some children in the developing world choose to stay out of school? Is it mainly because poverty leaves them with no options or because schooling seems to offer them few benefits? The answers to these questions have profound policy implications. An empirical input into this discussion is the extent to which schooling can actually be perceived as a profitable option in various countries and,
In this thesis a graphical language for sequential control is presented and its application to batch control is examined and discussed. The name of the language is Grafchart. Its main feature is that it makes it possible to express complicated control problems in a compact and intuitive manner.Grafchart exists in two versions; a basic version and a high-level version. The basic version was availab
In studies concerning the youngest children, the toddlers, the gender perspective is often missing. One aim of the study was, therefore, to investigate the interaction between children and preschool teachers in day care centres in a gender and a contextual perspective. Another aim was to investigate the inner representations of the preschool teachers concerning children and gender. A third aim was
This thesis investigates structure-acoustic systems by use of finite element analysis. The systems studied here are limited to those that consist of an enclosed acoustic fluid cavity, which is coupled to a flexible structure and/or a porous sound absorbing material domain. This type of analysis is applicable to a wide range of engineering problems, for example, studying the interior noise in a ve
The significance of physical capital is often mentioned in general terms in economic history literature. In this study the amount of physical capital is calculated and its significance for industrial growth is analysed for the period 1870-1930. The largest and most important part of this thesis consists of constructions of capital stocks for industry as a whole and on the branch level. These cons
