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The increasing demand for energy-efficient and sustainable construction necessitates the need for building envelope designs that effectively balance moisture safety with sustainability. Improper moisture management in building envelopes can lead to severe consequences, including construction damage, decreased energy performance, and health risks associated with microbial growth. For instance, wate
IMPORTANCE: Breast cancer (BC), the most prevalent cancer among women globally, is a heterogeneous disease, with prognosis differing by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Having a family history of BC increases the risk of BC; however, it is unclear whether family history is associated with the prognosis of overall and ER-specific BC.OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a family history of BC is associated wi
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a severe condition affecting millions worldwide, leading to numerous annual deaths. The absence of significant symptoms in its early stages promotes high underdiagnosis rates for the affected people. Besides pulmonary function failure, another harmful problem of COPD is the systemic effects, e.g., heart failure or voice distortion. Howeve
STUDY QUESTION: Is the chance of childbirth, and risk of infertility, pregnancy loss and need for assisted reproduction different for women with asthma compared to women without asthma?SUMMARY ANSWER: Women with asthma had comparable chances of giving birth compared to the reference population, however, their risk of both infertility and pregnancy loss, as well their need for medically assisted re
Markers of downstream events are a key component of clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Morphological metrics like cortical thickness are established measures of atrophy but are not sensitive enough to detect amyloid-beta (Aβ)- related changes that occur before overt atrophy become visible. We aimed to investigate to what extent diffusion MRI can provide sensiti
AbstractAim: The overall aim of the thesis was to examine the psychosocial effects and family reactions to participation in longitudinal studies with their children at high risk for type 1 diabetes. Additionally, we aimed to develop a shorter form for the children to measure their anxiety when thinking of their risk of developing type 1 diabetes, which could be used in The Environmental Determinan
The immune system is of central importance to clear-off pathogens in order to keep an organism healthy. In vertebrates, the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a genomic region that holds key genes involved in adaptive immunity and in particular in the antigen presenting process. The presentation relies on MHC class I (MHC-I) and MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules that are encoded by MHC-I and
Background: Contrary to the presumption that type 1 diabetes leads to an absolute insulin deficiency, many individuals with type 1 diabetes have circulating C-peptide years after the diagnosis. We studied factors affecting random serum C-peptide concentration in individuals with type 1 diabetes and the association with diabetic complications. Methods: Our longitudinal analysis included individuals
The conflict between seal conservation and fisheries in the Baltic Sea has becomeremarkably serious and threatens the existence of coastal fishing activities in theBaltic Sea. Seals cause significant catch losses, gear damage and various types ofhidden damages and losses. In particular, reports of damage caused by the grey seal,the largest and most common seal species in the Baltic Sea, have incre
Background: Most patients diagnosed with breast cancer present with a node-negative disease. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is routinely used for axillary staging, leaving patients with healthy axillary lymph nodes without therapeutic effects but at risk of morbidities from the intervention. Numerous studies have developed nodal status prediction models for noninvasive axillary staging using po
The present dissertation explores students’ perception of their own readiness for higher education and students’ study related relations and the effect on academic outcome. The complexity of student engagement and academic success means that it is relevant to conduct in-depth studies of particular student populations, to explore how certain factors play out in that specific context. First, student
The breakup of the L-chondrite parent body (LCPB) in the asteroid belt at 466 Ma ago is the largest asteroid breakup documented in Earth's geological record for the past ca. three billion years. Recovery of abundant macroscopic fossil L chondrites in mid-Ordovician marine sediments as well as reconstructions of the flux of micrometeoritic chrome spinel through the ages have given much new informat
T2D is the most widespread endocrine disease. In conventional stimulus secretion coupling increased blood glucose is metabolized causing an increased intracellular level of ATP and closure of the KATP channels, and this, in turn, depolarizes the cell membrane leading to the opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, the influx of Ca2+ and exocytosis of insulin granules. This model has become almost a
BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood gases are routinely used by midwives and obstetricians for quality assurance of birth management and in clinical research. They can form the basis for solving medicolegal issues in the identification of severe intrapartum hypoxia at birth. However, the scientific value of veno-arterial differences in cord blood pH, also known as ΔpH, is largely unknown. By traditio
BACKGROUND: Precision medicine has the potential to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to identify potentially novel prognostic factors that could improve CVD risk prediction in T2D. Out of 9380 studies identified, 416 studies met inclusion criteria. Outco
Compression ignited engines generally have higher efficiency than spark ignition engines. However, the most common combustion concept in compression ignited engines, conventional diesel combustion, struggles with high levels of particulate matter and NOx emissions. Therefore, new combustion strategies are used in compression ignited engines to reduce engine-out particulate matter and NOx emissions
Modern office buildings have high energy savings potential and potential for indoor climate improvements. During the nineties many office buildings with glass facades were built, in several cases with double skin glass facades. The advantages of buildings with double skin facades (compared with single skin glazed ones) are considered to be the reduced heating and cooling demand, the increased soun
Introduction: The first-line evidence-based treatment for chronic pain is multidisciplinary treatment involving pain-focused CBT. Studies have shown that changes in psychological flexibility (PF) during pain-focused CBT positively mediatesoutcomes, even when the treatment does not specifically target PF. While CBT and PF-based treatments for chronic pain yield small to moderate, but clinically mea
Background: Metastatic disease is the main cause of breast cancer (BC)-related deaths, but prediction of metastases remains challenging especially in the large and diverse group with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumors. Molecular tumor features beyond currently used markers could provide important information for stratifying metastatic r
Developing and validating sensitive visual read algorithms for assessing Alzheimer disease-related tau in tau PET imaging is imperative, considering the implementation of the methodology in clinical practice and trials. Our aim was to compare 2 visual read algorithms for tau PET images to semiquantitative measurements and plasma phospho-tau 217 (p-tau217) status. Methods: In total, 1,654 participa
