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The age at natural menopause (ANM) in the Western world ranges from 40 to 60 years, with an average onset of 51 years. The exact mechanisms underlying the timing of ANM are not completely understood. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved. The best-established environmental factor affecting ANM is smoking; menopause occurs 1 to 2 years earlier in smokers. In addition to genetic and en

objectives To assess effects of GH replacement therapy on cardiac structure and function, exercise capacity as well as serum lipids in elderly patients with GH deficiency (GHD). patients and methods Thirty-one patients (six females, 25 males), aged 60-79 years (mean 68 years) with GHD on stable cortisone and thyroxine substitution were studied. All men with gonadotropin deficiency had testosteron

Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy is central to the long-term management of asthma and is extensively used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While administration via inhalation limits systemic exposure compared with oral or injected corticosteroids and, therefore, the risk of systemic corticosteroid-related adverse effects, concerns over the long-term safety of

E. coli continues to be a popular host organism for production of recombinant proteins. To obtain a high volumetric productivity at the cultivation stage, it is important to achieve a high cell density and a high specific productivity per cell. In many fed-batch processes, the substrate feed rate eventually becomes limited by the oxygen transfer capacity of the bioreactor. While biomass can contin

Background: Postnatal sense of security, for parents, the first week after childbirth is important for their own and their baby’s wellbeing. Variables influencing the mother’s, and particularly the father’s, sense of security during the first postnatal week are not well known. No instrument measuring dimensions which can be influenced and supported by the postnatal health care team has been found

Background High-dose aspirin (>= 500 mg daily) reduces long-term incidence of colorectal cancer, but adverse effects might limit its potential for long-term prevention. The long-term effectiveness of lower doses (75-300 mg daily) is unknown. We assessed the effects of aspirin on incidence and mortality due to colorectal cancer in relation to dose, duration of treatment, and site of tumour. Methods

Importance Active perinatal care increases survival of extremely preterm infants; however, improved survival might be associated with increased disability among survivors. Objective To determine neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely preterm children at 2.5 years (corrected age). Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based prospective cohort of consecutive extremely preterm infants born be

Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabet

The constant flow of new products and information we are faced with today demands us to be prepared for rapid changes. To have creative skills becomes more and more important in multiple areas of our lives, from solving everyday problems to providing ideas and associational thinking at work. Some of our most important tools of creative thinking are collected at an early age, when we develop in re

Den 25 maj 2018 träder Europaparlamentets och Rådets förordning (EU) 2016/679 om skydd för fysiska personer med avseende på behandling av personuppgifter och det fria flödet av sådana uppgifter samt om upphävande av direktiv 95/46/EG (dataskyddsförordningen) ikraft. Förordningen ersätter då Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 95/46/EG om skydd för enskilda personer med avseende på behandling avOn the 25th of May 2018 the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) enters into force. The regulation supersedes the Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Co

Andelen förnybar kraft växer i produktionsmixen, med löften om att ersätta traditionell fossilintensiv kraftproduktion. I kombination med en trend mot elektrifiering av transporter uppstår nya möjligheter som användning av elfordon för att hantera variabiliteten i förnybar kraftproduktion. Detta examensarbete utforskar potentialen i att använda sådana balanserande tekniker, ofta refererade till soThe share of renewable power grows in the generation mix, wielding promises of substituting traditional CO2-intensive power production. In combination with the trend towards electrification of transport, opportunities are emerging to use electric vehicles for balancing the variability of the renewable power sources. This master thesis explores the potential for such balancing techniques, often ref

Popular science summary As the climate warms and species move northwards, some species encounter populations of a similar species. In this case, the banded demoiselle damselfly Calopteryx splendens is moving north, further into Fennoscandia than it has been known to go before, and is meeting populations of the beautiful demoiselle damselfly Calopteryx virgo. Males of both species set up and defen

Denna uppsats belyser den väsentliga utvecklingen av lagrummet 16 kap. 8 § BrB, hets mot folkgrupp, fram till 1987 ur ett kritiskt diskursanalytiskt perspektiv. Bestämmelsen sorterar under brott mot den allmänna ordningen. Lagrummet innebär ett betydande ingrepp i yttrandefriheten och uppsatsen lyfter fram de argument för och emot som föranlett dessa inskränkningar. Diskussionen om kriminaliserin

Doktrinen kring rättsstatsprincipen är nära sammanflätad med vad det innebär att leva i ett demokratiskt samhälle. Det är en rättsfilosofi som appliceras aktivt i domstolar och internationella organisationer såsom Europadomstolen och Förenta Nationerna, som en absolut nödvändighet för att främja och implementera rättvisa och fred på jorden. Trots skiljda tolkningar av vad principen om rättsstaten The doctrine on Rule of Law is intrinsic to what it means to live in a democratic society. It is a legal philosophy which has been, and continues to be, actively applied by courts and international organizations such as the European Court of Human Rights and the United Nations, as an absolute necessity to promote and enforce justice and peace across the globe. Despite diverse interpretations of th

Ränteavdragsreglerna har alltsedan de infördes år 2009 varit föremål för kritik, exempelvis vad gäller deras förenlighet med de i FEUF fastslagna fria rörligheterna. Trots att HFD har konstaterat att ränteavdragsreglerna är förenliga med de fria rörligheterna kvarstår kritiken. Reglernas syfte är att skydda den svenska bolagsskattebasen genom att begränsa den generella avdragsrätten för ränteutgifEver since the rules limiting the deductibility of interest expenses for intra-group loans (the interest deduction rules) were first adopted in 2009, they have been subject to criticism, for example concerning their consistency with the four freedoms of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Even though the matter has been settled by the Supreme Administrative Court the criticism sti

Vad som händer om någon inte presterar i enlighet med avtalet regleras ofta under rubriken garanti i avtalet. Beroende på hur garantibestämmelsen utformats och på vilket sätt avtalsobjektet avviker från vad som avtalats, kan konsekvensen bli allt från inget ansvar alls, till ett ansvar som innefattar även kompensation för indirekt förlust. Garantiers utformning och omfattning har därför stor ekono