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Background and purpose The role of copy number variation (CNV) variation in stroke susceptibility and outcome has yet to be explored. The Copy Number Variation and Stroke (CaNVAS) Risk and Outcome study addresses this knowledge gap. Methods Over 24,500 well-phenotyped IS cases, including IS subtypes, and over 43,500 controls have been identified, all with readily available genotyping on GWAS and e
Background and aim: Generic drugs contain the same active ingredients as brand- name drugs, with the advantage of much lower costs. The aim of this thesis was to contribute new knowledge to the ongoing debate on the safety of generic antiseizure drug (ASD) substitutions. There was a particular emphasis on the pharmacokinetic and clinical outcomes.Methods: In papers I and II, a prospective naturali
Background: Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques is the major cause of acute cardiovascular events. The biomarker PRO-C6 measuring Endotrophin, a matrikine of collagen type VI, may provide valuable information detecting subjects in need of intensified strategies for secondary prevention. Objective: In this study, we evaluate endotrophin in human atherosclerotic plaques and circulating levels of PRO-
Background: The positive effects of Kangaroo mother care in NICU’s are well documented but, to a lesser extent, explored during inter-hospital neonatal transport. Inter-hospital transport, with the infant placed in a transport incubator, increases the risk of separation while infants in Kangaroo mother care position implies that the parents accompany the transport. There exists limited knowledge i
A key factor for the insulin response to oral glucose is the pro-glucagon derived incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), together with the companion incretin hormone, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Studies in GIP and GLP-1 receptor knockout (KO) mice have been undertaken in several studies to examine this role of the incretin hormones. In the present study, we revie
Dietary advice constitutes a treatment strategy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We aimed to examine the effect of a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) on gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients, in relation to dietary intake and systemic inflammatory parameters. IBS patients (n = 105) were randomized to a 4-week SSRD intervention (n = 80) receiving written and verbal dietary advice focu
Background: Accurate prehospital trauma triage is crucial for identifying critically injured patients and determining the level of care. In the prehospital setting, time and data are often scarce, limiting the complexity of triage models. The aim of this study was to assess whether, compared with logistic regression, the advanced machine learner XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) is associated wi
BACKGROUND: Alcohol is an established risk factor for several cancers, but modest alcohol-cancer associations may be missed due to measurement error in self-reported assessments. Biomarkers of habitual alcohol intake may provide novel insight into the relationship between alcohol and cancer risk.METHODS: Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify metabolites correlated with self-reported habitua
Background: Semi-natural pastures are unfertilized grasslands with a long history of traditional low-input grazing management. This kind of pastures are recognized for their high species richness. However, as a consequence of modernization of agriculture, many of the semi-natural pastures have been lost during the last century, leading to a serious threat to farmland biodiversity. Semi-natural pas
The observation in the 1940s, that children to mothers having rubella in the first part of the pregnancy experienced elevated health risks in later life led to a growing interest into whether fetal exposure to other – less severe – diseases could cause health problems as well. Epidemiological studies of the fetal origins of later life health that followed found that, while this indeed was the case
Popular AbstractAvhandlingen tar sin empiriska utgångspunkt i en analys av hur historiskt betingade värden hanteras i samtida planering samt natur- och kulturmiljövård. Syftet är att därigenom förtydliga förutsättningarna för en hållbar landskapsutveckling avseende landskapets historiska värden. Analysen tar sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i tidsgeografi och kritisk realism. Perspektiven har använts fThis thesis is based on an analysis of how historically motivated values are treated in contemporary planning- and conservation practices. The aim is to discuss the premises of a sustainable landscape development regarding historical landscapes and heritage. The analysis takes its theoretical point of departure in time-geography and critical realism. These perspectives have been used to develop a
Popular AbstractStörre kriser och katastrofer som stormen Gudrun och dess konsekvenser är sannolikt att vänta i framtiden. Det råder dock ovisshet om vilka kriserna kommer att vara och under vilka förutsättningar. Nya och kompletterande vetenskapliga studier och metoder inom kris- och katastrofforskningen måste till för att öka samhällets kunskap om och förmåga att hantera kända och okända hotbildSevere crises and disasters such as the Hurricane Gudrun and their consequences will probably occur in the future. However, there are many uncertainties concerning disasters and their effects. New scientific approaches and methods for crisis and disaster research must be developed to increase the knowledge and ability of societies to manage known and unknown threats. Substantial research on the em
Managing material flows along a supply chain is a complex matter involving a great many interfaces both between activities and between actors. Integration of material flows may smooth the interfaces and thus also the potential errors and delays in the material flows. The potential to obtain such integration is facilitated by recent developments in identification technologies, particularly RFID tec
Arsenik är ett mycket giftigt ämne som finns i berg, mark och grundvatten, och är känt för att orsaka allvarliga hälsoeffekter. Neurologiska skador hos människan inträffar vid koncentrationer så låga som 100 μg/L, medan 1–3 mg/kg kroppsvikt As är en dödlig dos. Exponering för As kan leda till bland annat cell- och DNA-skador, ett antal sjukdomar och störningar samt olika typer av cancer. Höga As-kArsenic is a very toxic element present in rocks, soils, and natural groundwater, and known to cause serious health effects. Neurological damage is known in humans to occur at concentrations as low as 100 μg/L, while 1–3 mg/kg of body weight As is a lethal dose. Exposure to As may lead to e.g. cellular injury and DNA damage, a number of diseases and disorders and several types of cancer. High conc
De senaste åren har en ny typ av avancerade robotar utvecklats som har en hög grad av teknisk autonomi. Tack vare artificiell intelligens kan de fatta självständiga beslut och självständigt verka i nya miljöer. För att skadeståndsansvar ska uppkomma då en sådan smart robot orsakar skada måste skadan kunna hänföras till en mänsklig aktör. Enligt Europaparlamentets resolution om civilrättsliga bestäThe past few years a new type of advanced robots have developed that possess a high degree of technical autonomy. Because of the developments in artificial intelligence they can make autonomous decisions and act independently in new environments. When that kind of smart robots cause damage, existing liability rules cover damage that can be traced back to a human agent. According to the European Pa
Structural changes to agricultural landscapes due to agricultural intensification caused declines in biodiversity and abundance of animal groups providing ecosystem services and disservices to agriculture. Little is known about the relative contribution of animals to services and disservices after harvest and how these animal groups are affected by landscape configuration. Therefore, this study in
Northern peatlands have accumulated carbon for thousands of years and currently hold around one third of all soil carbon on earth. Large uncertainties are associated with predictions of how northern peatlands will react to climate change. This is because the cold, wet and anaerobic conditions lead to two opposing forces from a radiative forcing perspective – CO2 sequestration from photosynthesis b
I en rättegångsprocess är olika uppgifter fördelade mellan de olika aktörerna. Huvudregeln enligt svensk rätt är att parterna har huvudansvaret för den materiella delen av processen, medan domstolen ansvarar för den formella delen. Det har sin grund i de processrättsliga principer som reglerar ansvaret mellan domstolen och parterna i rättegångsprocessen: den kontradiktoriska principen, förhandling
