Sökresultat

Filtyp

Din sökning på "swedish" gav 92141 sökträffar

Association between paternal smoking at the time of pregnancy and the semen quality in sons

BACKGROUND: Maternal smoking during pregnancy has repeatedly been associated with decreased sperm counts in sons. Nevertheless, our team recently detected a lower total sperm count in the sons of smoking fathers as compared to sons of non-smoking fathers. Since paternal and maternal tobacco smoking often coincide, it is difficult to discriminate whether effects are mediated paternally or maternall

Citizen engagement in climate adaptation surveyed : The role of values, worldviews, gender and place

Local governments’ limited mandate and capacity to adequately deal with increasing climate risk and impacts means that citizen engagement is becoming increasingly important for adapting to hazards such as floods and storms. Stronger collaborative approaches are urgently needed. At the same time, there is little research and hardly any empirical evidence on what inspires adaptation engagement in di

Daily duration of long-term oxygen therapy and risk of hospitalization in oxygen-dependent COPD patients

Introduction: Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) improves survival and may reduce hospital admissions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe hypoxemia, but the impact of daily duration of LTOT on hospitalization rate is unknown. We aimed to estimate the association between the daily duration of LTOT (24 vs 15 h/d) and hospital admissions in patients with LTOT due to

A novel rare CUBN variant and three additional genes identified in Europeans with and without diabetes : results from an exome-wide association study of albuminuria

Aims/hypothesis: Identifying rare coding variants associated with albuminuria may open new avenues for preventing chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, which are highly prevalent in individuals with diabetes. Efforts to identify genetic susceptibility variants for albuminuria have so far been limited, with the majority of studies focusing on common variants. Methods: We performed an

Elevated circulating effector memory T cells but similar levels of regulatory T cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease, but the mechanism through which diabetes contributes to cardiovascular disease development remains incompletely understood. In this study, we compared the association of circulating regulatory T cells, naïve T cells, effector memory T cells or central memory T cells with cardiovascular disease in patients with

Meta-analysis of up to 622,409 individuals identifies 40 novel smoking behaviour associated genetic loci

Smoking is a major heritable and modifiable risk factor for many diseases, including cancer, common respiratory disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Fourteen genetic loci have previously been associated with smoking behaviour-related traits. We tested up to 235,116 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on the exome-array for association with smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, pack-years, and sm

Health related quality of life in individuals transferred from a needle exchange program and starting opioid agonist treatment

Background. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT), for the treatment of heroin dependence, has been reported to improve overall health and lower mortality. Drug use and retention in treatment have often been used as measures of treatment success. More recently, however, researchers have suggested that measurements of quality of life should be an outcome in substance use treatment evaluations. In a recent

Reaktorinneslutningarnas respons vid höga inre tryck och reducerad förspänning

The concrete structure of a reactor containment is pre-stressed with tendonsplaced in ducts. In some reactor containments, these ducts are injected withcement grout after pre-stressing. The cement grout protects the tendonsagainst corrosion and has the potential to redistribute the stresses in a tendon in the case of wire failure. The disadvantage of injected ducts is that the tendons pre-stressin

Emissions into the air from bitumen and rubber bitumen - Implications for asphalt workers' exposure

The risk among asphalt workers of developing adverse health effects may increase due to their occupational exposure. One area of special concern arises when rubber granules are mixed into bitumen to enhance asphalt properties. This research characterizes and compares bitumen and rubber bitumen regarding the emissions of and workers' exposure to particulates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Reduced display of conformational epitopes in the N-terminal truncated GAD65 isoform : relevance for people with stiff person syndrome or DQ8/8-positive Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Aims: To investigate whether the N-terminal truncated glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) isoform is as well recognized by people with stiff person syndrome as it is by people with Type 1 diabetes, and whether conformational GAD65 antibody epitopes are displayed properly by the isoform. Methods: GAD65 antibody-positive healthy individuals (n=13), people with stiff-person syndrome (n=15) and chi

Risk prediction of recurrent venous thromboembolism : a multiple genetic risk model

A single genetic biomarker is unable to accurately predict the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence. We aimed to: (a) develop a multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) model to predict the risk of VTE recurrence and (b) validate a previously described genetic risk score (GRS) and compare its performance with the model developed in this study. Twenty-two SNPs, including establis

Sex Differences in the Methylome and Transcriptome of the Human Liver and Circulating HDL-Cholesterol Levels

Context: Epigenetics may contribute to sex-specific differences in human liver metabolism. Objective: To study the impact of sex on DNA methylation and gene expression in human liver. Design/Setting: Cross-sectional, Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study. Participants/Intervention: We analyzed DNA methylation with the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in liver of an obese population (34 males, 61 femal

Elevated Platelet Count Appears to Be Causally Associated with Increased Risk of Lung Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis

BACKGROUND: Platelets are a critical element in coagulation and inflammation, and activated platelets are linked to cancer risk through diverse mechanisms. However, a causal relationship between platelets and risk of lung cancer remains unclear. METHODS: We performed single and combined multiple instrumental variable Mendelian randomization analysis by an inverse-weighted method, in addition to a

Disentangling social workers’ judgements and rationales: A study of the actual use of knowledge in diagnosis and treatment

One of the central assumptions of modernity is that the problems faced by society are best resolved through the use of scientific knowledge. Indeed, during the past century, the professions have both become certified and expected to base their work on this form of knowledge. In contemporary social work, this assumption is embedded in the notion of evidence-based practice, which has become the leadOne of the central assumptions of modernity is that the problems faced by society are best resolved through the use of scientific knowledge. Indeed, during the past century, the professions have both become certified and expected to base their work on this form of knowledge. In contemporary social work, this assumption is embedded in the notion of evidence-based practice, which has become the lead

Reducing recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer by systematically implementing guideline-based recommendations : effect of a prospective intervention in primary bladder cancer patients

Objective: In non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), local recurrence after transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) is common. Outcomes vary between urological centres, partly due to the sub-optimal surgical technique and insufficient application of measures recommended in the guidelines. This study evaluated early recurrence rates after primary TURB for NMIBC before and after introduci

Migrationspolitiska dilemman : Om idealism och realism i liberal politisk teori

Den globala flyktingkrisen ställer Sverige inför en svårhanterlig politisk och moralisk fråga. Vilka skyldigheter har vi mot människor på flykt, och finns det en gräns för hur många flyktingar vi kan ta emot? I den politiska debatten går det att skönja att mycket grundläggande normativa föreställningar står mot varandra. En dragkamp mellan å ena sidan en partikularistisk etik och en nationell syn

Rationale for enteroviral vaccination and antiviral therapies in human type 1 diabetes

In type 1 diabetes, pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by chronic autoimmune responses. The disease develops in genetically susceptible individuals, but a role for environmental factors has been postulated. Viral infections have long been considered as candidates for environmental triggers but, given the lack of evidence for an acute, widespread, cytopathic effect in the pancreas in type 1 diabet