Filtyp
It is well-known that a majority of breast cancers are hormone-dependent, making endocrine therapy an important adjuvant treatment after surgery. Susceptibility to endocrine treatment is determined by the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in the tumors. Tamoxifen is the most well-established endocrine treatment available, inhibiting tumor growth and improving surv
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous tissue in the wall of medium and large-sized arteries. The characteristic culprit of the disease is the atheroma, or atherosclerotic plaque, a patchy thickening of the arterial wall which affects the lumen, inducing various degrees of stenosis. The rupture of the atherosclerotic plaques, foll
In this thesis we explore and further develop several techniques used in the animal laboratory as well as in the clinical setting. In particular, we expand the understanding and usefulness of plethysmographic techniques in small rodents. Study I shows that the pressure signal from an un-restrained plethysmograph (UP) depends largely on heating and humidification of the inhaled air. This brings int
In this thesis, I have studied nitrogen turnover processes in watermeadows. A watermeadow is a wetland where water infiltrates through the soil of a grassland field. It is hypothesized that infiltration of water through the soil matrix promotes nutrient transformations compared to surface flow of water, by increasing the contact between water, nutrients, soil organic matter and bacteria. I have st
This thesis consists of three self-contained empirical studies on international financial economics. The common economic theme is that all three studies deal with international stock market return and risk. The common econometric theme is that all estimations are performed using simulated annealing, a stochastic optimization algorithm in the Markov Chain Monte Carlo family, in an attempt to solve
The planning and design of street networks in cities influence driving behaviour and give rise to variations in driving patterns (i.e., speed and acceleration profiles) that affect exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. The primary objective of this study has been to use real-life driving patterns to investigate how the characteristics of street networks influence fuel consumption and vehicular e
Local anaesthetics provide excellent pain relief after central and peripheral nerve blocks. However, in many clinical situations there is an insufficient duration of action to allow effective treatment of long-term pain with single injection techniques. This problem became the focus of the present studies. The natives in South America used to chew the leaves from Erythroxylon Coca and were well aw
In linkage analysis or, in a wider sense, gene mapping one searches for disease loci along a genome. This is done by observing so called marker genotypes (alleles) and phenotypes (affecteds/unaffecteds) of a pedigree set, i.e. a set of multigenerational families, in order to locate the loci corresponding to the underlying disease genes or, at least, to narrow down the interesting genome regions. I
Thumbelina is one of Hans Christian Andersen´s most well-known tales, found worldwide in a wealth of translations and many illustrative versions, featuring not only in printed forms but also as children´s theatre, animated films and – in the bicentenary year of 2005 – also as a ballet with scenography and costume by Her Majesty Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark. In Odense, Andersen´s native city, the
Hip fracture is the most serious and resource consuming consequence of osteoporosis. All patients need operation and hospital treatment which gives a great health economic impact. The two main types of hip fracture are cervical (femoral neck, intracapsular) and trochanteric (extra capsular). For the displaced cervical fractures the blood circulation to the femoral head is more or less damaged whic
