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Sverige har länge varit förskonat från korruption av större omfattning, landet brukar i Transparency Internationals årliga rapporter rankas som ett av länderna med minst korruption. Det senaste decenniet har dock flera stora korruptionshärvor i myndigheter och offentlig verksamhet uppmärksammats av media och väckt stort intresse hos allmänheten. Undersökningar som BRÅ publicerat visar att mutor i Sweden has long been spared from the corruption of higher extent, Transparency International's annual reports usually rank the country as one of those with the least corruption. The last decade, however, several major cases of corruption in authorities and the public sector have attracted the attention of the media and great interest among the public. Investigations published by BRÅ show that

Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici) is a crop disease caused by a fungus that regularly infects wheat and causes yield loss in Ethiopia. The disease has a significant impact on the country’s crop production, food security, health, and socioeconomic well-being. Anticipating yellow rust epidemics can help to better manage them and mitigate their adverse impacts. This study explores t

Wheat bran is a by-product from the production of wheat flour. Nowadays wheat bran is mostly used as feed for animals, in the food and baking industry or it is simply burned in open air. However, wheat bran could be used in biorefineries for production of value-added products such as bioplastics, biofuels and chemicals as a substitute for fossil feedstocks as petroleum. Since wheat bran is an agri

The widespread consequences of climate change are becoming more and more evident around the world and are raising crucial awareness to world leaders that a sustainable transition is direly needed to mitigate against disastrous climatic events. In Australia, in early 2020, these events took the form of some of the most devastating and largest forest fires the country has ever seen. This devastation

In an effort to mitigate global climate change, the REDD+ mechanism (an acronym for ‘Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stock’) continues to be put forward as an attractive carbon sequestration and forest conservation tool. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), hosting m

In recent years the railway has received a lot of negative publicity thanks to the large amount of delay hours that occurs during winter conditions and especially at snowfall. In our railway network, the points are the most targeted problem components were snow and ice cause the most problems. Due to its moving parts and low tolerances for disorder, a few millimeters of gap between the rails is en

Inom ramen av sin recension av Ross’ bok On Law and Justice presenterade Hart mycket framgångsrikt vad han senare skulle bli känd för inom rättsfilosofin - den interna ståndpunkten. I sin kritik av Ross rättsteori hävdade Hart att rättsliga omdömen om giltighet främst skall uppfattas som interna, normativa omdömen och som ett uttryck för acceptans av lagen som en beteendestandard. Han uppfattade iWith his review of Ross’s book On Law and Justice, Hart introduced something for which he later on, would become famous in legal philosophy – the internal point of view. In his criticism of Ross’s legal theory, Hart claimed that legal statements of validity are primarily internal, normative statements, manifesting acceptance of the law as a standard of behaviour. He did not acknowledge the possibi

Solidariskt ansvar är huvudregeln när flera skadevållare gör sig skyldiga till en och samma skada. Solidariskt skadeståndsansvar innebär att skadelidande kan kräva en av skadevållarna på hela skadeståndsbeloppet som om skadevållaren skulle varit ensam ansvarig. Det krävs att de allmänna förutsättningarna för skadeståndsskyldighet är uppfyllda för var och en av skadevållarna. Den som har blivit kräJoint and several liability is the general rule in Swedish law when multiple guilty parties are responsible for one together caused damage. Joint and several liability means that the injured party can claim that just one of tortfeasors is held responsible for the entire amount of the damages like as if the tortfeasor was alone responsible for the whole damage. The general conditions for liability

According to the EU Water Framework Directive, all Member States are obliged to survey and analyze their water according to river basins. The directive was implemented into Swe-dish law in 2004. At the same time, Sweden's five water authorities were formed to coordi-nate the water management at regional and municipal levels. Furthermore, the municipalities in Sweden are imposed to develop muni

I februari 2015 antog det Brittiska parlamentet the Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015, i syfte att fylla ut luckor i den tidigare kontra-terror lagstiftningen. De temporära reseförbud som därmed infördes riktas mot det tilltagande problemet med så kallade foreign fighters och består av två delar. Befogenheten att beslagta och kvarhålla pass och andra resedokument ger en gränskontrollerande tIn February 2015 the British Parliament adopted the Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015 for the purpose of filling gaps in the previous counterterrorism legislations. The temporary restriction on travel measures thus introduced, target the increasing problem with so-called foreign fighters and consist of two elements. The power to seize and retain passports and/or travel documents entrusts a p

A big challenge faced by the digital communication world today is increasing the reliability of information which is being transmitted. During the transmission of information, there is a possibility that the information is corrupted or distorted. If this distortion is considerably high, it becomes dicult to decode and retrieve the original information. To help mitigate this eect, the information b

Uppsatsen avser kartlägga de poetologiska och poetiska kontaktytor som kan anas mellan den svenske poeten Öyvind Fahlströms konkreta poesi och den rumänsk-franske poeten Isidore Isous lettrism. Då man i tidigare forskning kring Fahlström och den konkreta poesins villkor ofta nämner Isou och det lettristiska avantgardet som poetologiskt närbesläktade, råder det vidare en brist i mer analytiska ansa

Intresset för e-sport har ökat markant de senaste åren. En av de mest populära e-sporterna är Hearthstone, som också är denna uppsats fokus. Idag är det lätt att tjäna pengar på e-sport, både som amatör och som professionell spelare. Med e-sportens framväxt uppkommer nya rättsliga frågor. Denna uppsats syftar till att besvara en av dem: tillgodoser den skatterättsliga regleringen av lotterivinsterE-sports have gained huge recognition over the past few years. One of the most popular e-sports is Hearthstone, which also is the focus of this essay. Nowadays it is easy to make money on e-sports, both as an amateur and as a professional player. As e-sports grow, new legal matters arise. The purpose of this essay is to answer one of these new legal questions: does the regulation of lotteries in t

Nästan alla i samhället ingår någon gång ett avtal på internet i egenskap av konsument. Det finns risker vid ingående av konsumentavtal på internet, så som att konsumenten ingår avtal där informationen har varit vilseledande eller på andra sätt inte tydligt framhållen. Uppsatsen syftar till att utreda under vilka förutsättningar konsumenter kan ingå avtal med bindande verkan med näringsidkare öveAt some point almost everyone in society concludes an agreement over the internet as a consumer. There are risks associated with entering consumer agreements, for example when an agreement is concluded whilst information has been given in a misleading or unclear manner. The purpose of the thesis is to determine under which conditions it is possible for consumers to conclude legally binding agreem

The Brazilian tax system is known to be very complex. The main reasons to that is presumably the fact that the federalist pact adopted by the Brazilian Federal Constitution gives a considerable autonomy to all federal entities (the federal government, the states, the Federal District and the municipalities) to impose levies. Besides that, the Brazilian tax system is composed by numerous levies, su

Många missbrukare blir nyktra efter att ha varit på behandling och/eller självhjälpsrörelsemöten, såsom AA, där de arbetar utifrån riktlinjerna De Tolv Stegen. Kunskapen och förståelsen av programmet kan ses som ett livslångt lärande. Tidigare forskning har inte fokuserat på detta samband mellan lärande och nykterhet. Kvalitativa intervjuer har gjorts där fem nyktra beroende har berättat sin livsh

Anställningsskyddet inom arbetsrätten består av många moment där det mest centrala kravet är saklig grund för uppsägning och avsked. Arbetet utgör en betydande del av individens liv, där ett skiljande från tjänsten skapar långtgående konsekvenser för den drabbade. I denna uppsats behandlas reglerna avseende saklig grund för uppsägning och avsked. Syftet har varit att utreda anställningsskyddet vid

Although lacking a commonly accepted definition, technical standards essentially refers to a set of technical specifications that enable compatibility among products. They may arise through formal standard-setting organizations, or sometimes simply from the market itself. Many of the products for which standards are of importance display network effects. Network effects designate the increasing va