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Caffeine is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. In the brain, caffeine acts as an antagonist for the adenosine A1 and A2B receptors. Since A1 receptors are highly concentrated in the cortex of the cerebellum, we hypothesized that caffeine could potentially affect learning tasks that require the cerebellar cortex, such as eyeblink conditioning. To test this hypothesis, we examined the e

To detect effects of Cu pollution, the Cu tolerance of soil bacterial communities extracted from several vineyards located in NW Spain was measured. Bacterial community tolerance was estimated by means of the thymidine (TdR) and leucine (Leu) incorporation techniques using either IC50 values (the log of the metal concentration that reduced incorporation to 50%) or the percentage of activity at one

Cu(II) complexation at the water-goethite (alpha-FeOOH) interface was studied by XAFS, potentiometry, and sorption experiments. Thermodynamic data indicate that the initial Cu(II) sorption is not accompanied by release of a H+. As pH is raised, hydrolysis occurs, and a maximum of two H+ are released per sorbed ion. Sorption experiments also show that Cu(II) complexation is insensitive to variation

An analytical strategy to determine metals in environmental samples contaminated with both organophosphate pesticides and metals is presented. In the first step, parathion and arsenate were determined separately. Inhibition of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase was quantified employing an enzyme thermistor and also with a CCD camera. Subsequently, parathion mixed with arsenate was measured. A molecu

This paper summarizes recent results how to obtain approximate one-electron potentials describing exchange and correlation which depend on the local electron density. Following the lines given by Hohenberg, Kohn and Sham explicit results are given in two versions of the theory; one to describe ground state properties and one for excitation energies. The extension to spin polarized systems is discu

This research will explore the field of social movements by explaining why and how a minority social movement persists despite persistent constraints placed upon it by a majority-dominated state. The Chinese education movement has been one of the largest and most sustained social movements in Malaysia. Sociological, economic, and demographic changes of the Chinese community along with domestic pol

In many biotechnological processes it is important to perform exactdosing of the substrate into the bioreactor. The idea in this paper is to use the measurements from a balance to control the flow rate, since there is no access to the flow itself. The goals of the controller are several: it should be capable of handling load disturbances acting on the pump, measurement noise and even shocks acting

This thesis aims to investigate the dynamics of the so-called “leverage-effect”. This asymmetry in volatility after negative shocks, relative to positive shocks has been documented extensively before. However, except for findings that it is not due to leverage, the underlying or enhancing factors that cause it have not been investigated. This thesis aims to do so, by testing for the influence of f

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur vidsträckt den anställdes kritikrätt är inom den offentliga respektive privata sektorn. Av anställningsavtalet följer att den anställde ska vara lojal mot arbetsgivaren. Den anställdes rätt att föra fram kritik utgör dock en inskränkning i denna lojalitetsförpliktelse. Den offentligt anställde erhåller grundlagsskydd för sin yttrandefrihet och har såle

As previous research on content-specificity of the neural correlates of recollection is inconclusive, event-related potentials were used to assess old/new effects for faces, objects and words. The data demonstrate temporal differences in ERP old/new effects as a function of item type, supporting the notion that material-dependent processes underlie recollection-related neural activity. The results

The purpose of the present thesis is to analyze the effects of FDI on wages in the manufacturing sector from 2002-2008 in 33 different countries. The introductory chapter will review existing literature, distinguishing between neoclassical, political economy and sociology approaches. A second part will estimate the effects of FDI on wages using the panel ordinary least squares (OLS) fixed effects

The issue of pharmaceutical pollution has recently gained attention on the international political agenda as several actors have raised concern for its negative impact on ecosystems, human health, and livelihoods in emerging economies where an increasing share of the pharmaceutical production is located due to the cheaper labor and less stringent environmental regulations. In 2019, the OECD publis

It is challenging for the food industry to deliver products that satisfy consumers changing desires and needs. Baobab is a fruit that holds potential for the development of trendy food products due to its rich nutritional profile and unique rheology. Unlike most fruits, it contains a dry pulp with a moisture content of 11-12 % (Phytotrade, 2008). Despite these features, baobab has been overlooked

This thesis aims to investigate the use of the Chilean voseo, which is a special form of the more broadly used voseo, a type of treatment that is used in many of the Spanish speaking countries on the American continent. The aim of this thesis is to investigate in which context and what parts of the interviews the voseo is used, in contrast to the more established form of treatment, tuteo. The rese