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In hybrid zones genetically differentiated populations meet and interbreed. As they result from ongoing divergence and potential speciation, such zones provide opportunities to study how different factors affect this process. The hybrid zone between the all black carrion crow (Corvus corone corone) and the grey and black hooded crow (Corvus c. cornix) stretches c. 2400 km throughout Europe. I have

Male cancer survivors (MCS) are at risk of suffering from impaired fertility. Male fertility is dependant on sperm DNA quality. The Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) reflects the proportion of sperm with poor DNA, the DNA fragmentation index, DFI. A high DFI indicates reduced in vivo fertility and the need of ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection) to achieve pregnancy. A concern with ICSI, i

Cancer is a disease that will affect most of us during a lifetime. Although the survival of cancer patients has incresed due to better treatment and earlier diagnosis, the prevalance of the disease is still increasing. This increase in the number of cancer cases diagnosed will impose a challenge to the cancer care and higher costs for socitey. Personalized medicine aims at reducing these costs whi

Oslo has until now been divided into the west and east, separated by categories of economic and social class as well as a physical barrier, the river, Akerselva. The west predominantly represents people of middle to upper class, whereas the east represents the middle to lower class people. This division has been formed throughout history, as the river that separates Oslo has been home to industry,

Concerns about energy-related emissions and energy dependence and security while also achieving the SDGs are fuelling the rising interest in socio-technical transitions towards more sustainable energy systems. Community energy projects have been proposed as a tool for this transition to renewable energy, but little is known about its potential to foster the wider transformation of the energy syste

In the global context of an ever-growing trend of automobility and all its drawbacks, cycling offers an environmentally and socially sustainable transport alternative. Copenhagen has become one of the best cities for cycling, and impressive advances in promoting this practice have raised their cycling share up to 41% of all trips to work/education. However, municipal cycling goals have been postpo

Svensk domstol har flera gånger ställts inför frågor som rör den islamiska morgongåvan mahr. Högsta domstolen (HD) meddelande två domar som rör rättsinstitutet 2017, NJA 2017 N 6 och NJA 2017 s. 168. Tidigare avgöranden från högsta instans avseende mahr finns inte. Från hovrätterna finns två publicerade avgöranden, RH 1993:66 och RH 2005:116. I avgörandena kvalificeras mahr på två skilda sätt. FSwedish courts have several times faced difficulties arising around the Islamic dower, mahr. The Supreme court settled two cases concerning the legal construction in 2017, NJA 2017 N 6 and NJA 2017 p. 168. The matter had not until then been tried by the Supreme court. There are two preceding rulings from the Courts of Appeal, RH 1993:66 and RH 2005:116. In these decisions, mahr was qualified in tw

Preservation of digital records is still very much an open issue within large parts of the Swedish public sector. An ongoing work of coordinating the digital preservation in the public sector is carried out by the Swedish National Archives, but, as of yet, the results are limited, and much remains to be done. The issue of digital preservation is also inherently one that will require a lot of diffe

För att förhindra att ägare av företag med en mer begränsad ägarkrets, så kallade fåmansföretag, tar ut högbeskattade arbetsinkomster som lägre beskattade kapitalinkomster finns det särskilda regler. Dessa regler är kända som 3:12-reglerna och finns i 57 kap. inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229), IL. Endast de andelar som definieras som kvalificerade andelar omfattas av särreglerna. Enligt 57 kap. 4 § In order to prevent owners of closely held corporations from transforming highly taxed salary income into lower taxed capital income, special rules exist for closely held corporations. These rules are known as the 3:12-rules and are found in chapter 57 of the Swedish income taxation act (inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229), IL). Only shares that are defined as qualified shares are subject to the 3:12-r

I denna uppsats behandlas laglottens förenlighet med skyddsreglerna i regeringsfor-men och Europakonventionen. Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa om laglotten utgör ett för stort ingripande i egendomsskyddet. För att belysa detta på ett rättsligt sätt används rättsdogmatisk metod. Doktrin och motioner studeras för att ge en bild av hur Europakonventionen fungerar samt hur olika advokater och politThis essay examines the system of direct heirs’ statutory share of inheritance and its compatibility with the protection rules of the Swedish Constitution and the Europe-an Convention. The purpose of this essay is to illuminate if the direct heirs’ statutory portion is too much intervention in Protection of property. To achieve the purpose with the essay, a legal dogmatic method has been used. Doc

Denna uppsats behandlar det straffrättsliga begreppet samtycke som är en av ansvarsfrihetsgrunderna i svensk rätt. Syftet i uppsatsen är att besvara när samtycke blir relevant att åberopa och när det tillämpas. I ansvarsfrihetsgrunden samtycke innefattas två centrala rekvisit: att samtycket är giltigt samt att gärningen inte är oförsvarlig. Arbetet koncentrerar sig på samtycke till våldsbrott och This paper examines and analyzes the conception of consent in Swedish criminal law. The purpose of the paper is to answer the question when consent becomes relevant to discuss and to examine when it should be applicable. The conception of consent contents two necessary prerequisites: it has to be a valid consent and the criminal act can’t be indefensible. The work of the paper concentrates in crim

This master’s thesis aims to illuminate how the textile cultural heritage such as textiles and the documentation about textiles is currently preserved in archives. This is a field of study that is currently absent in the research of archival science and research in general. Three archives with material connected to textile cultural heritage were interviewed for this study. To answer how textile cu

Uppsatsens övergripande syfte är att utreda såväl innebörden som omfattningen av Migrationsverkets och migrationsdomstolarnas utredningsansvar i asylärenden/ mål enligt 23 § FL respektive 8 § FPL. För att kunna ge en tillfredsställande bild av utredningsansvaret studeras dessutom, om än mer kortfattat, bevisreglerna i asylärenden/mål. Uppsatsen ger inledningsvis en introduktion till regleringen The overall purpose of the thesis is to investigate the meaning and scope of the Swedish Migration Agency's and the Migration Courts' investigative responsibility in asylum cases /cases according to § 23 FL and § 8 FPL. In order to be able to give a satisfying picture of the investigative responsibility, the rules of evidence in asylum cases /cases are also studied, but more briefly. The

Kronisk malaria i en flyttfågel: Sjuka mammor har favoritungar. Precis som människor kan djur bli sjuka. Dessa sjukdomar spelar en stor roll i ekosystem, bland annat för att de kan ge negativ påverkan på populationsstorlekar via ökad dödlighet och minskad fortplantningsframgång (fitness) bland infekterade individer. En sådan sjukdom är fågelmalaria. Trastsångaren (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) är enLife-history theory predicts that individuals carrying parasite infections should experience a trade-off between allocation of resources towards reproduction versus repression of the infection. However, in the case of chronic avian malaria infections in the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) and other passerines, correlational studies have found little effect on annual survival and fec

Efter avgöranden från både Europadomstolen och Högsta domstolen, där staten ålagts skadeståndsansvar för ideell skada för kränkningar av fri- och rättigheter enligt Europakonventionen, har en diskussion uppstått kring huruvida ett ansvar för det allmänna bör gälla även vid kränkningar av fri- och rättigheter enligt 2 kap. regeringsformen. Genom rättsfallet NJA 2014 s. 323 ålade Högsta domstolen utAfter rulings from both the European Court of Human Rights and the Swe-dish Supreme Court, where the Government was imposed liability for non-pecuniary damage for the violations of rights and freedoms guaranteed un-der the European Convention on Human Rights, a discussion has arisen about whether the responsibility for the Government for such damage should also apply to violations of rights and fr

In nature, for example through mechanical degradation (e.g., plastic waste in the sea) and through the exposure to UV-radiation, plastics can degrade to microplastics and eventually to even smaller plastic nanoparticles. Studies performed under laboratory conditions have shown that plastic nanoparticles can accumulate in the liver and the brain of fishes, hence plastic nanoparticles can cause brai

Goblet cell - immune cell interactions and their role in inflammatory bowel disease Goblet cells, specialized mucus secreting cells lining the gut, are key players in mediating immune responses. While the mucus layer functions as a barrier against the intrusion of foreign bacteria into the host, substances from e.g food and bacteria are sampled and delivered to the immune system through the forma

Comparing FB tangential neurons Every living person has got a brain (even if we sometime question it!) The same goes for all other animals, including insects. Theirs are, however, much smaller and simpler. From a practical (and ethical) standpoint, it is therefore much easier to study insect brains than human brains. One interesting field of study is the navigational ability of insects. The prim

Införandet av ombud för barn i vårdnadstvister har varit omdiskuterat under en mycket lång tid. Frågan har diskuterats av sakkunniga, behandlats i flera utredningar samt varit föremål för flertalet riksdagsmotioner. Än har frågan inte resulterat i någon ny lagstiftning. Uppsatsens syfte är att, ur ett barnrättsperspektiv, utreda om ett införande av ombud för barn i vårdnadstvister kan stärka barThe question of whether a legal representative for children in custody disputes should be introduced in Swedish legislation has been discussed for a long time. Despite this, the discussions have not yet resulted in any legislation. The purpose of this essay is to, from a children’s rights perspective, investigate whether the legislation of representatives of children in custody disputes could st