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Förevarande uppsats behandlar de argument och ställningstaganden som ligger bakom lagstiftarens beslut beträffande assisterad befruktning i allmänhet, och surrogatmoderskap i synnerhet. Den alternativa familjebildningen och den assisterade befruktningens historia går långt tillbaka i tiden, men började på allvar regleras på 1980-talet, då inseminationsutredningen grundligt utredde frågan. VariatThe thesis at hand deals with the arguments and positions underlying the legislators decisions concerning Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in general, and surrogate motherhood in particular. The history of alternative ways to start a family, and ART goes far back. However, it only really began to be the subject of regulation in the 1980s, when the government issued an investigation, to thoro

Molecular analyses of the relationships of placental mammals have shown a progressive congruence between mitogenomic and nuclear phylogenies. Some inconsistencies have nevertheless persisted, notably with respect to basal divergences. The current study has aimed to extend the representation of groups, whose position in the placental tree has been difficult to establish in mitogenomic studies. Both

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vad är en familj, vilka kan bilda en familj och vem bestämmer det? Hur ser föreställningarna kring den ideala familjen ut? Och varför anses det viktigt att ha kännedom om sitt ursprung och att tillhöra en familj, en släkt eller en nation? I denna avhandling undersöks den svenska familjepolitiken kring internationella adoptioner och assisterad befruktning. UndersökningenThe purpose of this thesis is to study the norms and values surrounding the family and the nation-state in Swedish family policy as they appear in Official Government Reports (SOU) on international adoption and assisted reproductive technology (ART) between 1953 and 2007. I argue that the committees’ reports can be viewed as normative statements constituting a hegemonic state discourse. The method

”Alltså säg inte mötesplats! Och möjlighet! Alltså dom här M-orden har jag egentligen lite svårt för liksom. Och mångkultur!”Tjänstemannen blir plötsligt irriterad. Hon brinner för mångfald i kulturlivet, men retoriken, orden och jargongen gör henne frustrerad. Den här avhandlingen handlar till stor del om dessa ord och hur personer som arbetar med teater och integration förhåller sig till dem. TeThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate the notion of multiculturalism in relation to theatre and drama. In Swedish public discourse, culture and the arts are frequently referred to as a social glue which keeps society together. In this context theatre holds a particular position. On the one hand theatre is looked upon as a magic key capable of opening up all sorts of discriminatory structure

I svensk rätt åläggs arbetsgivare principalansvar för skada som dennes arbetstagare vållat i tjänsten. Det innebär att arbetsgivaren är ansvarig för hans eller hennes arbetstagares handlingar, även om arbetsgivaren inte varit vårdslös. Bestämmelsen återfinns i 3 kap. 1 § SkL. Uthyrning av arbetstagare har blivit alltmer vanligt i Sverige, vilket kan leda till osäkerhet gällande vilken arbetsgivareEmployers are, in Swedish law, vicariously liable for damage caused by their employees while on duty. This means that the employer will be held liable for the conduct of his or her employees, even though the employer hasn’t been negligent. The provision is to be found in chapter 3 § 1 in the Swedish Tort Liability Act. Temporary agency work is however becoming increasingly common in Sweden, which

The primary rule of absolute duty to prosecute is stated in 20:6 RB. This means that the prosecutor is obliged to engage prosecution when there is sufficient evidence for a conviction. The possibility of waiver of prosecution is stated in 20:7 RB and is an exception from the absolute duty of prosecution. The prosecutor can decide to waive prosecution for minor offense not resulting in any other pe

Sedan lagen om anställningsskydd trädde i kraft har kravet på saklig grund för uppsägning varit ett återkommande debatterat ämne inom arbetsrätten. Att arbetsgivaren behöver saklig grund när denne säger upp en arbetstagare är kanske inte så konstigt. Att en arbetsgivare kan behöva saklig grund när arbetstagaren säger upp sig själv är däremot ett mer svårgreppbart koncept. En uppsägning som formell

Unconscionability är en grund för jämkning eller ogiltigförklaring av avtal som typiskt sett används vid en kombination av oskäliga avtalsvillkor och brister i själva avtalssituationen. Regeln har sitt ursprung huvudsakligen i den engelska rättens equity och kan där spåras till åtminstone 1400-talet. Unconscionability blev en del av amerikansk avtalsrätt genom införandet av engelsk rätt i de nybilUnconscionability is a contract defense typically advanced in cases in which there is a combination of unfair contract terms and deficient bargaining. Its origin is primarily in equity as practiced in England, where the doctrine can be traced back to at least the fifteenth century. Unconscionability entered American contract law through the adoption of English law in the former colonies. The conce

Men’s violence towards women in intimate relationships is an established social problem and the police reports on violence are increasing steadily. In 2008, police reported 26 000 cases of violence against women, and in 19 100 of them the man and the woman knew each other. Social Services Act establishes the municipality's responsibility towards women and children who witness domestic violence

Title: What part does the piano play in country music? – A study intended for pianists, piano pedagogues and class teachers in music Author: Elisabet Johansson The purpose of this essay is to find out what part the piano plays in country music. The research includes an interview with an artist from Texas and an analysis of five chosen music examples. The research question is: What part does the pi

Skatteverket har möjlighet att vidta revision i syfte att bl.a. kontrollera om deklarationsskyldighet och annan uppgiftsskyldighet har fullgjorts. Ett beslut om revision fattas av Skatteverket och det kan inte överklagas av den reviderade. Ett överklagande ska i stället avse själva taxeringsfrågan. Domstolen kan även ta ställning i frågor som berör vilka handlingar som ska lämnas ut inom ramen förUnder Swedish law, the Swedish Tax Agency can audit whether companies have fulfilled the general declaration requirement and other disclosure obligations. The decision of the Tax Agency to undertake an audit cannot be appealed. The company subject to the audit can appeal on technical matters related to the audit including whether documents requested by the Tax Agency should be disclosed. The pow

Begging - A study about how begging is constructed as a social problem. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze how ‘begging’ is constructed as a social problem in the Swedish society. According to the social constructivism perspective, our understanding of a social problem is constructed through a collective process. Therefore I chose to analyze the claims-making activity in the con

This Ph.D. project in artistic research is concerned with the function of gesture in traditional Vietnamese music. Building on gender analysis of musical performance in TV shows, and further on autoethnographic inquiry throughout the artistic projects, the artistic output articulates a critical understanding of these practices. The aims of the project are to investigate the social function and mea

Every living cell is surrounded by a cell membrane that is made up of amphipathicphospholipids, separating the aqueous solutions inside and outside the cell with ahydrophobic barrier. This compartmentalization is a prerequisite for life, but so arethe many molecules that are floating in the membrane, altering its properties andconnecting the inside with the outside. An important group are the tran

The maintenance of protein homeostasis, also referred to as proteostasis, is essential for preserving the structural and functional stability of the proteome in living organisms. This involves the precise control of protein synthesis, folding, and degradation. As proteostasis disruption can cause growth and survival deficiencies in bacteria, the investigation of proteostasis has rapidly emerged as

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are constituents of hollow inner organs. Their contractile function governs essential physiological functions, such as breathing, eating, blood pressure control, urination, and childbirth. Skeletal and cardiac muscle cells are terminally differentiated cell types, but SMCs are highly plastic and change their phenotype in disease. Cues presented by the microenvironment an

Våra röda blodkroppar lever i genomsnitt 120 dagar och bryts därefter ner avmakrofagerna, immunsystemets medfödda städare av både främmande och egnaceller. De röda blodkropparnas uppgift är att transportera syre från lungorna tillkroppens olika vävnader och föra tillbaka koldioxid. Men vad händer om de rödablodkropparna bryts ner ovanligt snabbt eller helt enkelt inte produceras i tillräckligtsnabRed blood cells are are plentiful, flexible and essential. They are the most abundant cell in our body and their mainobject is to carry oxygen, which is essential for cellular respiration. The formation of red blood cells is callederythropoiesis. Erythropoiesis is intimately coupled to cell division and mitochondrial function. Aberrations in thesetwo processes are often associated with red blood c

Background: The desire to be a mother is much more than a reproductive instinct in pro-baby (pro-natal) society. Motherhood is a complex phenomenon that encompasses psychological, social, and cultural aspects of a woman's holisticwell-being. A woman's socio-cultural visibility is enhanced through motherhood, which also strengthens her psychological status, enriches her spiritual experience, and en