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Uppsatsen behandlar i huvudsak kreditvärderingsinstitutens roll på de globala finansmarknaderna, regleringen av deras verksamhet samt hur lagstiftarens inkorporering av kreditbetyg har påverkat det finansiella systemet. Med gällande rättsläge presenterat, kulminerar uppsatsen i en analys av ändamålsenligheten av nuvarande lagstiftning. Frågeställningens relevans följer av den kvasi-officiella stäThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate the role of credit rating agencies in the global financial markets, the regulation of their business and how the incorporation of credit ratings into regulatory frameworks has affected the financial system. After presenting the current law, the thesis culminates in an analysis of the effectiveness of the current regulatory framework. The relevance of

Både de mellanstatliga skatteavtalen och EU-rätten grundar sig på och är beroende av staternas lojalitet och efterlevnad. Det faller sig naturligt att både skatteavtal och EU-rätt skall ha företräde framför interna regler för att få genomslag och utifrån syftet önskad effekt. En absolut efterlevnad ställer dock till problem när mellanstatliga samarbeten missbrukas, varför både OECD och EU bekräftaTax treaties as well as EU law lean on the foundation of loyalty and are dependent on the compliance of membership nations. For desired effect, it is natural for both EU regulations and tax treaties to take precedence over local rules. However, absolute compliance creates issues when inter-governmental collaborations are abused. Hence, OECD and EU have agreed on the possibility for internal counte

France legalised same-sex marriage (mariage pour tous) in 2013. In theory, it also allows a recognition of gay and lesbian families, as the social parents can now adopt their spouses children, thus becoming themselves official parents. However, same-sex families existed prior to that law. Through interviews with French gay and lesbian parents, I focus on two aspects of their family life: the way t

This study is about the extent of how church law (of 1571, 1686 and 2000) in Sweden has affected and still affects the church's welfare administrations such as schools, hospitals and care institutions. Recent studies seem to indicate that the Church of Sweden is aiming to start expanding its organisation to include more social welfare activities to meet increasing demands from the general publ

The fluctuations of the price in the energy market affect the households, firms and the government intuitions. We can perceive the information of the energy market from daily economic news. The entire society is concerned for the events that affect the energy market and the changing prices of the energy resources. It is thus meaningful and interesting to study the risk of the energy market. This p

Tibet, the land of snows, has always in many people's minds been a mystical land with a deeply rooted religion and a people living in harmony with themselves and nature. Once one step outside this picture, the confrontation with the reality of the enormous problems and suffering that the Tibetan people had gone through during the last fifty years becomes almost to painful. Much of the violatio

I Sverige finns ingen författningsreglerad minimilön eller möjlighet att göra kollektivavtal allmängiltiga. Istället är det arbetsmarknadens parter som tillsammans förhandlar fram kollektivavtalets innehåll om löner och andra anställningsvillkor. Den svenska arbetsrätten har en tradition av långtgående fackligt inflytande och avsaknad av statlig inblandning. Staten har uttryckt att författningsregIn Sweden, there is an absence of a minimum wage legislation. The terms and conditions for most workers is constituted in the collective agreement, made by the parties of the Swedish labour market. The government has expressed itself unable to legislate in the matter as it would mean a violation to the “Swedish labour model”, keeping its neutral policy intact. The collective agreement has a very s

Våld och hot som riktas mot polis, ambulanssjukvårdare och räddningstjänstper-sonal har ökat och blivit grövre under de senaste åren. I uppsatsen undersökts i vilken mån så kallad blåljuspersonal omfattas av det förstärkta straffrättsliga skyddet i 17 kap. 1-5 §§ brottsbalken. De straffrättsliga bestämmelserna omfattar våld eller hot om våld mot tjänstemän och innebär ett utökat straffrättsligt skThreats and violence directed toward the police, fire and ambulance service (Blue Light Staff) has recent years increased and is even of a more serious nature. In this thesis I examine the extent to which the emergency service are covered by the strengthened legislation in Chapter 17 §§ 1-5 of the Swedish Criminal Code (SCC). The criminal law provisions include violence and threats of violence aga

Children’s participation could seem to be an obvious ingredient in social services child protection investigations. Children’s rights to make their voice and opinion heard and to affect the decisions that involve them is stated in law, conventions and other regulations. Despite this, a lot of previous studies show that children’s rights often are forgotten or non-prioritized in social services. Th

Denna uppsats undersöker hur domstolar bedömer ansvarsfrihet enligt 24 kap. 7 § brottsbalken vid sexuella handlingar där våld förekommer inom ra-men för BDSM. Fokus ligger på att analysera vad som krävs för att ett sam-tycke ska vara giltigt i rättslig mening samt vilka gränser som finns för vad man får samtycka till, särskilt med hänsyn till skadans art och omständighet-erna kring gärningen. UndThis thesis examines how Swedish courts assess criminal liability exemption under Chapter 24, Section 7 of the Swedish Penal Code in cases involving sexual acts with elements of violence within the framework of BDSM. The focus is on analyzing what is required for consent to be legally valid and where the legal limits are drawn regarding what one may consent to, particu-larly with respect to the na

Author: Jonna Granberg Title: Social directors in social work at the Aaland Islands – why become a social director and why stay or leave? Supervisor: Karin Kullberg Assessor: Håkan Jönson The purpose of this article was to examine which factors that influence the choise to become a social director and which factors that influence the desire to stay or leave the profession. To obtain the purpose,

In this master’s thesis I have studied the 7th section of the 2nd chapter in the Swedish environmental code (miljöbalken 1998:808). The regulation encompasses the proportionality principle of environmental consideration. Its purpose is to avoid that costly countermeasures are imposed that have limited or no negative impact on the environment. The proportionality principle in the environmental code

In the light of (super) wicked problems, as climate change is, a deep transformation of energy and transport systems is needed. Among other technological innovations, liquid biofuels were adopted also in Romania as an innovation that could contribute to the transition towards a more sustainable transport. However, the biofuels sector is not well-developed in Romania, in spite of considerable poten

Popular Abstract in Swedish Giftiga alger - kan man äta sånt?! En sammanfattning på svenska Varje sommar varna's vi för giftiga algblomningar i media. Rapporterna brukar ofta handla om havet men många insjöar, speciellt i Skåne, drabba's också av massförekomst av alger. Det är framför allt cyanobakterier, eller blå-gröna alger som de kallade's innan, som blir så många att de helt dominerar algsaMass development of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) is common in many lakes and coastal waters worldwide as a result of an increased nutrient loading. These blooms of cyanobacteria are undesirable for several reasons; thick mats of algae and unpleasant odour reduces the recreational values, bad taste reduces the quality of drinking water and the potent toxins produced by some species of cyanobact

This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of people with borderline personality disorder (also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder). The main focus was to understand how the disorder affects their personal and work relationships, as well as their interactions with healthcare services, especially about processes of stigma and shame. I conducted semi-structured interview

Prayer has its origin in the Bible and as a practise it serves a lot of purposes. One of these is to convey the teachings of the church, which takes the form of liturgical prayer in a worship service. The two liberation prayers within the baptismal liturgy of the Swedish church, convey the teachings of the church on original sin, and the thesis of this essay is that the two choices provided for th

I takt med att världen utvecklas med nya tekniska framsteg ökar mängden konsumtion och därmed fortsätter även mängden farligt avfall drastiskt att öka, vilket skapar nya utmaningar för miljön. Vår framtid är helt beroende av om vi väljer att hantera detta komplexa avfall på ett hållbart sätt, eller väljer att försumma vårt ansvar. Trots de betydande framstegen som gjorts till följd av implementeriWith a rapid increase in technological achievements and consequently consumption, the amount of toxic waste continues to expand drastically, creating new environmental challenges. Our future depends on if we manage this com- plex waste in a sustainable way or choose to neglect the issue. Despite the significant progress made from implementing the Basel Convention in 1992, troubling questions regar

Lojalitetsplikten är en allmän rättsprincip i svensk rätt som berör flera olika rättsområden. Principen saknar legaldefinition, men brukar beskrivas som en skyldighet att iaktta eller beakta motpartens intresse. Inom aktiebolagsrätten är den vedertagna uppfattningen att styrelseledamöter och verkställande direktör omfattas av en långtgående lojalitetsplikt gentemot bolaget. För aktieägares vidkommThe duty of loyalty is a general legal principle in Swedish law that influences several areas of law. While the principle lacks a precise legal definition, it is often described as an obligation to observe or consider the interests of the other party. In company law, it is widely accepted that board members and the CEO are bound by an extensive duty of loyalty toward the company. Howev-er, the sit

Svenska Kärnbränslehanteringen (SKB) startade ett projekt under 2020 i närheten av Forsmark i Sverige med målet att utöka deformationszonsmodellen till att inkludera hela dräneringsområdet runt om det planerade slutförvaret för använt kärnbränsle. Detta arbete bygger på en lineamentmodell som var skapad för SKB. Denna modell använder sig av magnetiska data tillsammans med höjddata samt data insamlThe Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB) started a project in 2020 near Forsmark, Sweden with the aim to expand the deformation zone model to encompass the entire catchment area around the planned repository for spent nuclear fuel. This thesis builds upon a lineament model that was constructed for SKB which utilizes airborne magnetic data supported by airborne Very Low Frequency (VL

The ability to navigate from breeding sites and wintering grounds has fascinated numerous avian studies examining the bird orientation performances. The migratory avian navigational toolbox consist of route- and map-based orientation, non-compass, vector and compass orientation. The compass orientation consist of celestial and geomagnetic cues, which are divided into the three main compasses known