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Popular Abstract in Swedish Under det senaste decenniet har risker med och alternativ till allogent blod (blod från främmande givare) debatterats mycket pga. risken för smitta, allergiska reaktioner, samt starka indicier som talar för att blod från främmande givare kan påverka immunförsvaret hos mottagaren. Därför vill man gärna begränsa mängden tillfört givarblod under kirurgiska ingrepp på barn,In children, it is often desirable to minimize allogenic blood transfusion, and this thesis explores the physiology of an alternative method of managing perioperative blood loss: hemodilution with Ringer´s dextran. Methods Clinical studies: Arterial pressure, superior caval venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and blood lactate concentration (L) were studied during bone marrow harvesting (BMH) on 23

This report identifies fundamental problems to be addressed in order to build relevant clinical tests of human balance while standing. The stated purpose of these tests is identification of lesion site and/or definition of functional balance deficits in a specific patient. During a recent consensus meeting (ESCEBD), 60 researchers and experienced clinical users of posturography (14 European countr

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway, represents a promising biotechnological target to reduce lignin levels and to improve the commercial viability of lignocellulosic biomass. However, silencing of the CCR gene results in considerable flux changes of the general and monolignol-specific lignin pathways, ultimately leading to the accumulation of variou

Although the main aim of clubfoot correction is to create a foot without limitations in daily activities and sport, studies on the walking capacity of children with corrected clubfeet are rare. In this cross-sectional study, the outcome of the six-minute walking test in 44 children with clubfeet (16 unilateral and 28 bilateral, mean age 8.57±2.45 years) was compared with the reference values of Ge

Epigenetic variation may contribute to the development of complex metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hepatic insulin resistance is a hallmark of T2D. However, it remains unknown if epigenetic alterations take place in the liver from diabetic subjects. Therefore, we investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in the liver from subjects with T2D and non-diabetic controls and

The solution properties of two water-soluble polymers, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), covalently labeled with the fluorescent hydrophobic dye naphthalene (Np), have been investigated in water:organic solvent mixtures. The naphthalene chromophores have been randomly attached, onto the polymer, with two different degrees of labeling. Fluorescence measurements (steady-state and time-resolved) have been us

The aim of this study was to determine the threshold of fracture probability at which interventions became cost-effective in men and women, based on data from Sweden. We modeled the effects of a treatment costing $500 per year given for 5 years that decreased the risk of all osteoporotic fractures by 35% followed by a waning of effect for a further 5 years. Sensitivity analyses included a range of

By measuring excited state and charge dynamics in blends of an alternating polyfluorene copolymer and fullerene derivative over nine orders in time and two orders in light intensity, we have monitored the light-induced processes from ultrafast charge photogeneration to much slower decay of charges by recombination. We find that at low light intensities relevant to solar cell operation relatively f

The cone snail is the only invertebrate system in which the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase (or gamma-carboxylase) and its product gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) have been identified. It remains the sole source of structural information of invertebrate gamma-carboxylase substrates. Four novel Gla-containing peptides were purified from the venom of Conus textile and characterized using biochemica

Hypoxia hampers eutrophication reduction efforts by enabling high nutrient fluxes from sediment to bottom waters. Oxygenation of hypoxic water bodies is often proposed to reduce benthic ammonium and phosphate release. This study investigates the functional response of benthic nitrate-reducing processes to a long-term engineered oxygenation effort in a density-stratified fjord with euxinic bottom w

The popliteal artery (PA) is, after aorta, the most common site for aneurysm formation. Why the PA is more susceptible than other peripheral muscular arteries is unknown. We hypothesized that the wall composition, which in turn affects wall properties, as well as the circumferential wall stress (WS) imposed on the arterial wall, might differ compared to other muscular arteries. The aim was to stud

. The aim of this article is to provide an up-to-date overview on paediatric haemophilia care in the world, with emphasis on medical treatment, rehabilitation, and orthopaedic surgery. The reason these specific professions caregivers are included is that over 90% of bleeding episodes in people with haemophilia (PWH) occur within the musculoskeletal system; and of these 80% of bleedings occur in jo

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of frequent knee pain in radiographic, symptomatic and clinically defined knee OA in middle-aged and elderly patients and the proportion that seeks medical care.

Uppsatsen försöker att ta ett samlat rättssociologiskt grepp om kränkningsersättningen som är den viktigaste formen av brottsskadeersättning (under år 2006 betalade Brottsoffermyndighe-ten ut över 81 miljoner konor i kränkningsersättning). Hur dessa skador värderas och konstrueras speglar samhällets rättskultur och ger upphov till en rad rättssociologiska frågeställningar om rättens roll och samsp

The influence of temperature, salts, pH, and various pre-treatments and cleaning on the nanofiltration (NF) performance of thin-film polyamide (PA) composite membranes has been investigated. The change in membrane performance was correlated to membrane swelling or/and electroviscous friction. Aspects of costs and energy demand while using NF at elevated temperatures were also evaluated. The increa

In the present work non-idealities of flat burner-stabilized flames at atmospheric and low pressures are examined using PIV measurements, which are supported by and analyzed with the help of CFD modeling. Radial and axial velocity profiles measured in the cold flow and in the flames at atmospheric and at lower pressures are presented. Two possible reasons for the drop in the apparent laminar burni

It is recommended that intervention thresholds should be based on absolute fracture risk, but there is a large variation in hip fracture incidence from different regions of the world. The aim of this study was to examine heterogeneity of hip fracture probability in different regions from recent estimates of hip fracture incidence and mortality to adjust intervention thresholds. Ten-year probabilit

The apparent permeability index is widely used as part of a general screening process to study drug absorption, and is routinely obtained from in vitro or ex vivo experiments. A classical example, widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, is the in vitro Caco-2 cell culture model. The index is defined as the initial flux of compound through the membrane (normalized by membrane surface area and d