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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and preventable disease characterized by airflow obstruction and emphysema development. COPD often coexist with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and both diseases have common risk factors i.e. age and smoking and shared features i.e. chronic inflammation. Smoking is of particular interest as it substantially increases the risk of developing COPD

Intraocular lens (IOL) exchange after cataract surgery is unusual but may be associated with suboptimal visual outcome. The incidence of IOL exchange has not been consistently estimated. Such information is invaluable when counseling patients prior to cataract surgery. We examined the incidence of, and indications and risk factors for, IOL exchange after cataract surgery. We also assessed visual o

AimThis Red List is a summary of the conservation status of the European species of mosses, liverworts and hornworts, collectively known as bryophytes, evaluated according to IUCN’s Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Level. It provides the first comprehensive, region-wide assessment of bryophytes and it identifies those species that are threatened with extinction at a

Antibodies are an essential part of the human immune system, and antibody mediated immunity has been an area of interest for many researchers for almost a century. An accumulation of knowledge regarding antibody structure, glycosylation and receptor interactions has contributed to the current understanding of antibody mediated immunity. It has more recently become evident how bacteria and other mi

The development of catecholaminergic neuronal systems in the brain of a teleost, the three-spined stickleback, was studied through embryonic to early larval stages by immunocytochemistry using specific antibodies against dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase. By analysing the spatiotemporal patterns of development for the catecholaminergic nuclei, possible homologies with nucle

OBJECTIVES: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) is well known to aggregate in families and is associated with socioeconomic status (SES). The objective was to study the effect of education, income and neighborhood SES in adulthood on AUD, and to explore whether the potential associations were confounded by shared familial factors, by using a co-relative control design. METHODS: Data on AUD was drawn from

Background: Being born with low birth weight (LBW) is a risk factor for muscle insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), which may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms programmed by the intrauterine environment. Epigenetic mechanisms exert their prime effects in developing cells. We hypothesized that muscle insulin resistance in LBW subjects may be due to early differential epigenomic and tran

Alzheimer’s disease is an aging related disorder of the mind, accountable for 60-80 percent of all cases of dementia. With its insidious progression and the decline of cognitive abilities, this disease is a major challenge for our society as a whole. This is because of the growing proportion of people living to advanced age and our current lack of capacity to prevent or even give effective symptom

Family history (FH) of cancer is an important factor of increased risk of several cancers. Although the association between FH of cancer and concordant cancer risk has been reported in many previous epidemiological studies, no comprehensive prospective study with adjustment for lifestyle habits has evaluated the association of FH of cancer and concordant cancer risk. We investigated the associatio

Purpose – As climate change shocks and stresses increasingly affect urban areas in developingcountries, resilience is imperative for the purposes of preparation, recovery and adaptation. This study aims to investigate demographic characteristics and social networks that influence the household capacity to prepare, recover and adapt when faced with prolonged droughts or erratic rainfall events in M

This thesis is built around an observational study of a class at an elite school. The study follows the class through their upper secondary school education (ages 16-19), focusing on social science lessons. I have used ethnographic methodology to describe and problematize how social science and value-based ambitions of equality conflict with the student role of superiority cultivated at this schoo

Ignition and extinction characteristics of a material determine whether a fire will be initiated and grow. In fire safety engineering, where modellers deal with a multitude of materials, simplified thresholds are commonly used to determine when ignition and extinction occur.Such a threshold is the critical mass flux, which describes when sufficient fuel vapour is produced to support sustained flam