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När flera individer har varit involverade i en brottslig gärning gör rättstillämparen en rollfördelning mellan gärningsmän, anstiftare och medhjälpare. Vad gäller den första ansvarsrollen kan en individ själv eller gemensamt med andra ha utfört gärningen, alternativt vara att anse som gärningsman. I den svenska straffrätten återfinns således ett mångfacetterat gärningsmannabegrepp. En initial dogm
Denna uppsats tar sikte på regleringen om tvångslikvidation och inlösen på grund av majoritetsmissbruk i privata aktiebolag enligt 25 kap. 21–23 § aktiebolagslagen (2005:551), ABL. Bestämmelserna infördes som ett led i att stärka minoritetsskyddet i aktiebolagslagen (1975:1385), ABL 1975. I förarbetena benämns det som den ”sista utvägen” (ultima ratio) för en förtryckt minoritetsägare. MöjlighetenThis essay aims at the regulations on compulsory liquidation and redemption due to majority abuse in private limited companies according to ch. 25. Sec-tions 21–23 of the Swedish Companies Act (2005:551), ABL. The provisions were introduced as part of strengthening minority protection in the Companies Act (1975:1385), ABL 1975. In the legal proceedings they are referred to as the "last resort
Within the context of the European Union Competition Law, a master's thesis entitled "Data as a Barrier to Entry and an Essential Facility: Law & Economics Analysis" conducts an in-depth investigation of the function that data plays in relation to competition law. The idea that data might be a valuable asset in the contemporary digital economy is presented in the very first part
With the climate change and urbanization process, the frequency of the urban flooding’s occurrence has increased in the recent years. It brings great economic losses to the cities, especially to the basements of individual properties. Low Impact Development (LID), which currently advocated by more city planners for managing stormwater, is considered as a more sustainable way to mitigate urban floo
As interest in social vulnerability to hazards grows, more indices are formulated for identifying and mapping population groups that may experience differential consequences from natural hazards. However, less attention has been given to the underlying choices researchers make when creating these indices. With the aim to contribute to understanding the issues surrounding social vulnerability indic
Köp av bostäder skiljer sig från många andra avtal som träffas av en privatperson under dennes liv och för många enskilda är köp och försäljning av privatbostad av stor ekonomisk betydelse. Uppsatsens syfte är att utröna några av de civilrättsliga konsekvenser som falsk budgivning kan få på ett köpeavtal om fast egendom. Köp av fast egendom regleras i jordabalkens fjärde kapitel och skiljer sig The purchase of housing differs from many other agreements which an individual is confronted by during her life, and for many individuals, the purchase and sale of private housing are of major economic significance. The purpose of this paper is to determine some of the civil law consequences false bidding may have on a real estate purchase agreement. Purchase of real estate is regulated in the 4t
Den 25 maj 2018 träder den nya dataskyddsförordningen, GDPR, ikraft. Syftet med GDPR är att skydda enskilda personers rätt till personuppgifter. GDPR kommer att ersätta det nu gällande Dataskyddsdirektivet, vilket i svensk rätt huvudsakligen införlivats genom PUL. GDPR speglar i större utsträckning den digitaliserade värld vi lever i. En stor förhoppning med GDPR är att de nu rådande skillnaderna On the 25th of May 2018 the new data protection regulation will take effect. The purpose of GDPR is to protect people’s personal data. GDPR will replace the current data protection directive, which in the Swedish judicial system has been implemented through PUL. GDPR more closely reflects on the digitalised world we live in today. A great hope with GDPR is that the current differences in the level
Euler diagrams are common and intuitive visualizations for data involving sets and relationships thereof. Compared to Venn diagrams, Euler diagrams do not require all set relationships to be present and may therefore be area-proportional also with subset or disjoint relationships in the input. Most Euler diagrams use circles, but circles do not always support accurate diagrams. A promising alterna
This paper examined the language attitudes of native English speakers recruited from Reddit toward two native and two non-native English accents using the verbal-guise technique and speech audio files from The Speech Accent Archive (Weinberger, 2017). The two native English accents are General American (GA) and Received Pronunciation (RP). The two non-native English accents are German- and Mexican
Inom fältet kvantinformation behandlar man information med hjälp av så kallade kvantmekaniska system, vilket tillför både möjligheter och svårigheter i reella tillämpningar. Ett fundamentalt begrepp är den så kallade kvantbiten, eller qubit som den brukar omnämnas i engelsk litteratur, vilken är den grundläggande komponenten i vilken kvantinformation hanteras, som en direkt analog till biten i en One of the important building blocks in the quantum information field, is the so called quantum memory. Processing is usually performed on quantum information in the form of qubits, which is an analogy to the classical bits in a normal computer. A big concern however is the fact that quantum information which is represented by some quantum state of one or several particles, is easily destroyed by
In this thesis the encounter of the Catalan culture with the German culture at the Frankfurt Book Fair in 2007 is investigated. The leading research question is how the Catalan culture presented itself at the planned encounter with the German culture and how it was perceived by the latter. Semiotic analysis was conducted on the basis of newspaper articles from nine different newspapers analysing a
Along with the interrelation between medical patent right, the generics impacts and the right to access to medicines, which as one of intersection issues between Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and Human Rights (HR), has drawn more and more attention under the international society, the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health has reaffirmed the flexibilities of the Agreement on the Trade R
Idag talas det allt mer om de klimatutmaningarna vi står inför. Utmaningarna innebär ytterligare insatser för att det ska vara möjligt att uppnå den utsläppsminskning som krävs. Det nationella miljökvalitetsmålet Begränsad klimatpåverkan ska verka vägledande i Sveriges miljöarbete för alla samhällsnivåer, inklusive Sveriges kommuner. Därför har kommunerna en central roll och ett ansvar att bryta nThe challenge of climate change is highly contemporary topic. Further efforts are required to enable the adequate reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The national environment quality objective Begränsad klimatpåverkan (limited climate influence) is aimed to act as guidance for Sweden’s environmental efforts on all levels, including local governments. Local governments have a central role and re
Bcl-6 i T celler – ökar men initierar ej uttryck av CXCR5 En av de viktigaste funktionerna av kroppens immunförsvar är dess förmåga att producera antikroppar som skyddar mot infektioner. När immunförsvaret utsätts för en ny bakterie eller ett nytt virus kommer B celler att producera stora mängder antikroppar för att förhindra en storskalig infektion. Dessa antikroppar är dock inte särskilt effekAbstract: T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of CD4 T cells specialized to help B cells during the germinal center reaction. By expressing high levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR5, Tfh cells home into the B cell follicle where they provide B cells with cytokines IL-4 and IL-21 as well as receptor-ligands interactions essential for B cell differentiation into mature antibody secreting
Denna uppsats i tillämpad kulturanalys undersöker kafferepet förr och nu. Syftet med uppsat-sen är att undersöka hur idén om ett "förr" iscensätts genom kafferepet och hur deltagarna genom detta relaterar till vad de ser som sitt kulturarv. Materialet består av intervjuer, delta-gande observation, frågelistor och internetbaserad etnografi som samlats in och analyserats genom en fenomenolThis thesis in applied cultural analysis investigate the phenomenon of “kafferep” (coffee par-ty), a Swedish term that is usually described as a social gathering where women meet in the home to drink coffee, eat cookies and cake, and talk. A gathering commonly popular in the late 19th century that today has been revitalized, where young women dress up in 50’s clothes and perform their idea of the
Tomotherapy delivers intensity modulated radiation therapy, IMRT, which enables highly advanced treatment plans with homogenous absorbed dose coverage of the target with sharp dose gradients to spare surrounding healthy tissue. Helical tomotherapy consists of a linear accelerator mounted on a rotating gantry, the construction is similar to a CT although the energy is in the MV-range instead of kV
Cardiovascular diseases are accountable for almost 50 % of the mortality number in Europe which is why research on its causes is highly prioritised. For practical and ethical reasons, in vitro study models are of high importance to enable research on cardiac abnormal behaviours. To meet this issue, researchers from Imec, Belgium, developed Neuray-II, the second generation of a biocompatible chip w
Mesozoikum anses ha utgjort en ”växthusperiod” i Jordens historia med avsevärt höga koldiox-idhalter i atmosfären samt förhöjda temperaturer, men det återstår många frågor att besvara angående klimatut-vecklingen för hela detta intervall. Tidig jura karaktäriseras till exempel av ett varmt klimat, och föregås och efter-följs av två kortare perioder med väldigt höga CO2 halter, som sammanfaller med
