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Background: The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activated Extracellular-signal Regulated Kinase (ERK) pathway is a critical cell signalling pathway that relays the signal for a cell to proliferate from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Deregulation of the EGFR/ERK pathway due to alterations affecting the expression or function of a number of pathway components has long been associated wi
Sammanfattning Den 1 juli 2013 trädde den nya statsstödslagen i kraft. Den statliga utredning som dessförinnan tillsattes fick bland annat i uppdrag att analysera om det behövdes särskilda bestämmelser för att tredje part inför svensk domstol ska kunna yrka återkrav eller skadestånd under åberopande av genomförandeförbudet i artikel 108.3 FEUF och att lämna förslag på den författningsreglering soSummary On 1 July 2013 the new state aid act entered into force. The preceding Inquiry had been instructed to consider whether special provisions were needed to enable third parties to bring actions before the Swedish courts with reference to the standstill obligation in Article 108.3 TFEU, and to leave suggestions for any legislation that might be needed in that respect. The Inquiry deemed such
Vi lever i en tid av snabb teknisk utveckling. På bara några decennier har den sociala miljön förändrats drastiskt. Vi har gått från en värld där social interaktion bestod i direkt kontakt mellan två individer till en värld där en stor del av det sociala utbytet inte sker ansikte mot ansikte utan skärm mot skärm. Denna nya verklighet har medfört en intensifierad konflikt mellan två av våra mest beWe are living in a world of rapid progress. In just a few decades our social environment has developed drastically. We have progressed from a world where social interaction consisted in direct contact between individuals to a world where a significant part of the social exchange no longer happens face to face but screen to screen. This new reality has resulted in an intense conflict between two of
Pharmacokinetics is the study of how drugs are absorbed and distributed in the body and is used by pharmacists to ensure that they prescribe the appropriate dosage of medicine. The process used to determine the drug concentration in the body when medicine is prescribed is ADME; absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The body is viewed as consisting of compartments between which a drug
The main function of erythropoietin (EPO) is in hematopoiesis where EPO stimulates increased proliferation, survival and differentiation of erythrocytic precursors in response to hypoxia. The EPO effect is mediated via binding to the EPO receptor (EPOR), which induces activation of different intracellular signaling pathways. Recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) is also used in treatment of cancer patient
Detta är en historiografisk studie av hur några välkända svenska historiker har använt sig av de isländska sagorna när de presenterat perioden som vi idag kallas vikingatid. Vikingatiden har haft en viktig funktion i konstruktioner av kollektiva identiteter, och i sökandet efter relevanta förfäder, vilket passar bra ur ett historiekulturellt perspektiv.När medicinprofessorn Olof Rudbeck skrev sitt
Popular Abstract in Swedish Runt 1750 upptäckte en tysk kemist vid namn Marggraf att det var möjligt att utvinna socker från betor. Ett par decennier senare började en av hans studenter, Archard, att selektera betor utifrån deras sockerhalt och öppnade också världens första sockerbetsfabrik år 1801. Mängden utvunnet socker per rot låg runt 4 %. Sedan dess har förädling och förbättrade jordbruksmetAround 1750 a German chemist discovered it to be possible to extract sugar crystals from beet juice. Since then, breeding and improved agricultural practices have increased the concentration of sucrose per root from around 4% to around 18%. Sugar content is still one of the most important characters in sugar beet breeding, but breeders of today are also faced with many more characters, many of a c
Popular Abstract in Swedish En fråga inom biologin som länge intresserat forskare är varför det ena könet hos många arter har så väl utvecklade ornament. Till dessa så kallade sekundära könskaraktärer (primära könskaraktärer är de som används vid själva fortplantningen) räknas till exempel påfåglars stjärtplymer och hönsfåglars kammar och sporrar. Dessa ornament förekommer oftast hos hanar och i p
This thesis analyses the debate around the patents on human genes from three most important angles: ethical, legal and economic. In the ethical context, patents on gene-related inventions are often seen as inappropriate because of the alleged special status of human DNA. The special status stems from their alleged responsibility for everything from diseases to social propensities and personal trai
''Vetting'' is the general name used to describe the oil and chemical companies' process of selecting ships for their cargoes. This is a process which is not entirely harmonized and which has not been described or treated to any greater extent in literature, especially not from a legal point of view. This thesis therefore has several purposes, both legal and purely descriptive
The development within mobile telecommunications has been very rapid during the last decade. The next step will be the introduction of so-called 3G services distributed over networks utilizing the UMTS standard. In order to facilitate the development of this new infrastructure the national governments has allocated a certain portion of the frequency spectrum to this traffic. The Member States of t
Financial services and cross-border financial activities have developed considerably due to the globalisation of the economy. The utilisation of these new opportunities has, however, attracted financial activities that relates to money laundering. Money laundering is a way to separate and conceal the proceeds of crime in order to reinvest or simply use it in the open economy, without drawing the a
Psouni and Apetroaia (2010) have recently introduced the Secure Base Script Test,SBST, for middle childhood. Based on Waters and Rodrigues-Doolabh’s (2004)Narrative Script Assessment for assessing secure base script knowledge in adults,Psouni and Apetroaia’s method is a narrative task in which children create short narratives by making use of four prompt word outlines that loosely suggest prototyp
Thesis purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate the expectations of roles between supplier sales representatives and retailer store personnel in relation to in-store campaigns, this in order to enhance effectiveness of these functions creating an increase in consumer response. Methodology: The researchers believe that social phenomenon and their meanings are continually being a
The subject of this graduate thesis (The right to abortion under the European Convention of Human Rights) is wheather the right to abortion can be considered as a human right under the European Convention on Human Rights. Focus is on the right to abortion as a woman's right. The issue of abortion in view of the Convention raises both material and procedural questions. In addition to that is th
The aim of this essay was to analyze how the child sex tourism is looked upon and how Swedish actors on the global arena act against the child sex tourism in Thailand. The United Nations define child sex tourism as "trips organized from within the tourism sector, or from outside this sector but using its structures and networks, with the primary purpose of effecting a commercial sexual relati
