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Background Leaf-cutting ants live in symbiosis with a fungus that they rear for food by providing it with live plant material. Until recently the fungus' main inferred function was to make otherwise inaccessible cell wall degradation products available to the ants, but new studies have shed doubt on this idea. To provide evidence for the cell wall degrading capacity of the attine ant symbiont, we

Popular Abstract in Swedish Självmord och självmordsförsök orsakar mycket lidande för många människor i vårt samhälle. I Sverige begår ungefär 1800 personer självmord varje år. De flesta av dessa personer hade vid tiden för självmordet en psykisk sjukdom. Man har funnit att åtminstone hälften av dessa personer hade en depressionssjukdom, minst en fjärdedel hade alkoholproblem och c:a 5% led av schA suicide attempt is one of the most powerful predictors of eventual suicide. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the social situation, including social support of suicide attempters. One part of the investigations concerned patients admitted to a psychiatric ward following a suicide attempt. Another part concerned significant others (SOs) of suicide attempters, interviewed directly after th

A committee has to address a complex question, the answer to which requires answering several sub-questions. Two different voting procedures can be used. On one procedure, the committee members vote on each sub-question and the voting results then are used as premises for the committee’s conclusion on the main issue. This premise-based procedure (pbp) can be contrasted with the conclusion-based pr

Popular Abstract in Swedish Tillväxthormon (GH) är ett hormon som produceras och insöndras stötvis från hypofysen. GH-insöndringen styrs av stimulerande och hämmande signaler från hypothalamus, men hämmas även av sin egen insöndring. GH produceras under hela livet men mängden insöndrat hormon sjunker med stigande ålder. Under barn- och ungdomsåren har GH en viktig funktion att stimulera längdtillvA risk for premature atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular mortality has been reported in adult patients suffering from growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and receiving conventional hormone substitution without growth hormone (GH) replacement. GHD patients are resistant to insulin, which is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Insulin resistance can develop from an unfavourabl

The use of restricted access media and other stationary phases for clean-up and trace enrichment of environmental samples coupled on-line to liquid chromatography using diode array detection as well as thermospray MS is described. This on-line configuration was compared with commercially available ELISAs for the determination of triazines in complex matrices, showing superior precision and accurac

Surfaces subjected to rolling and sliding contacts may suffer from contact fatigue. The cam and roller follower mechanism is a typical rolling and sliding contact. This thesis deals with the running in aspects to avoid high stress variation that leads to fatigue wear and the aspect of what happens to indentation damages that occurs on the surface if there are any particles in the lubricant. The pa

This paper describes the distribution of accusative case and discusses the nature of the nominative / accusative distinction in the standard Germanic languages. In addition, it illustrates and discusses the well-known fact that inherent accusatives and certain other types of accusatives do not behave in accordance with Bruzio’s Generalization. In spite of these Non-Burzionian accusatives, there is

Popular Abstract in Swedish Sociala rättigheter och socialt medborgarskap är begrepp som ofta används för att beskriva den svenska välfärdsstaten. I ett internationellt perspektiv utpekas den svenska välfärdspolitiken som generell, generös och nästintill universell. Men i början av 1990-talet genomgick den svenska välfärdsstaten en djup kris. Arbetslösheten steg snabbt och sysselsättningen sjönk. Universalism, social rights and social citizenship are often considered as key concepts to describe the Swedish welfare state. However, in the beginning of the 1990s, the Swedish welfare state experienced a severe economic recession. In only a couple of years, the unemployment rate increased sharply as well as the number of social assistance recipients. These changes constitute the background for

Short, electric high-voltage pulses can be used to transiently increase the permeability of cell membranes without significant loss of cell viability. During this period of time, extracellular and normally non-permeant, molecules are accessed the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus. This technique is called electroporation or electropermeabilization (EP). EP has been employed in vivo to internalise ant

Popular Abstract in Swedish 1993 inleddes FINSAM, en försöksverksamhet för finansiell samordning av socialförsäkringens och hälso- och sjukvårdens resurser i fem svenska landsting. Genom att erbjuda tidigare vård och olika typer av rehabilitering hoppades man kunna reducera antalet sjukskrivningsdagar. Syftet var att minska kostnaderna i sjukförsäkringen samtidigt som man utan budgetbelastning skuThe subject for this dissertation is an experimental reform (FINSAM) which during the years 1992-1996 has been in progress in five areas within five different administrative provinces (län) in Sweden. The purpose of the experiment was to co-ordinate the resources in the social insurance system and the health and medical services. The reform originated in the context of an increase in social insura

As travellers, we are usually aware that a map is not the territory it represents. However, as researchers, inquiring into practice, are we always aware of the domain within which that practice is situated? Descriptions of practice sometimes suggest that this is not the case. For example, do engineers actually believe that the models they develop and use are reflections of some reality? It is like

Popular Abstract in Swedish Arkitekten Hans Westman var verksam i Skåne från 1932 till 1983. Hans rika och mångskiftande produktion har satt sin prägel på den moderna skånska arkitekturen, särskilt i Lund där han hade sitt arkitektkontor. Westmans arkitektur spänner över ett brett fält från bostadshus, offentliga byggnader, kraftverk till kyrkor och kloster. Flera verk är välkända, t ex radhusområThis thesis deals with the regional aspects of Swedish modernism exemplified by the architecture of Hans Westman (1905-1991). The main purpose of the dissertation has been to make a survey of what is perceived as particularly regional in Westman's buildings and if we can really talk about modern regional architecture. Modernism's breakthrough brought about the introduction of an architecture which

Ever since environmental issues appeared on the agenda of modern industrial society, through the work of whistle blowers such as Rachel Carson, Georg Borgström, Björn Gillberg and Hans Palmstierna, the Swedish state has exerted itself to project a green image. In practice this image has merely functioned as a defence for the legitimacy of industrial development. The state has created environmental

In this work a one-dimensional model for the mass and heat transport in the thickness direction of paper has been developed. Solid-based coordinates were applied to simplify incorporation of shrinkage. Liquid diffusion, gas convection and vapour and air diffusion were incorporated as mass transport mechansims. In the heat balance the convective heat transport and heat conduction were included. Spe

PURPOSE: We review the current epidemiological and genetic knowledge regarding hereditary prostate cancer, and outline its clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Published articles on hereditary prostate cancer were identified using the MEDLINE data base. RESULTS: A risk of prostate cancer, particularly early onset disease, is strongly affected by family history (number of relatives with pr

Popular Abstract in Swedish Torgny Segerstedt, den kände chefredaktören för Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning, hade utkämpat strider före nazismens tid. Som ung kallades han till docent till Lund på en underkänd avhandling. Disputationen hade ägt rum i maj 1903 vid den teologiska fakulteten i Uppsala. Efter underkännandet beslöt alltså den teologiska fakulteten i Lund att kalla Segerstedt tilOn 1st September 1903, the Faculty of Theology at the University of Lund took the decision to appoint Torgny Segerstedt as a senior lecturer in spite of his failed doctoral dissertation. The public defence of his thesis had taken place on 28th May in the same year before the Faculty of Theology at Uppsala. It was thus after his failure that the Faculty at Lund nevertheless decided to invite him to

Målet med denna studie är att ge ökad insikt i hur väl geoelektriska under-sökningar i en heterogen berggrund kan avbilda geologiska strukturer för att kunna vidare¬utveckla och anpassa framtida bergundersökningar.En ”bra” prognos av bergkvalitet ger bättre möjligheter till minskad risknivå vid projektering och upphandling. Omvänt gäller att osäkerheter i bergtekniska prognoser vad gäller bergets The aim of this project is to enhance the understanding of how geoelectrical investigations in a heterogeneous rock mass can image geological structures in order to develop and adapt future rock assessment methods.A "good" rock quality forecast provides better opportunities for reduced risk level in the design and procurement phases of a construction project. Conversely, uncertainties in a forecas