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Populations of droplets or particles dispersed in a liquid may evolve through Brownian collisions, aggregation, and coalescence. We have found a Set of conditions under which these populations evolve spontaneously toward a narrow, size distribution. The experimental system of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanodroplets dispersed in a solvent (acetone) + nonsolvent (water) mixture. These droplets

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are ~22 nucleotide RNAs that inhibit protein synthesis in a sequence-specific manner and are present in a range of species, has born hope of new therapeutic strategies. miRNAs play important roles in development "Development" of what??and disease, but they remain poorly studied in uropathologies beyond cancer. Here, we discuss biologica

There are over 100 different types of cancer, and each is classified based on the type of cell that is initially affected. If left untreated, cancer can result in serious health problems and eventually death. Recently the paradigm of cancer chemotherapy has evolved to use a combination approach, which involves the use of multiple drugs each of which targets an individual protein. Inhibition of hea

Popular Abstract in Swedish Växter påverkar marken rent mekaniskt genom att jordstrukturen ändras när en rot växer, men också kemiskt genom att rötterna utsöndrar organiska molekyler. De organiska molekylerna ökar näringstillgången för mikroorganismerna i marken och därmed ändras tillväxthastigheten och biomassan hos mikroorganismerna. I området runt rötter, rhizosfären, råder det därför en hög mi

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ett proteins funktion bestäms av dess tredimensionella struktur. Proteiners stora betydelse för liv, så som vi känner det, och vår önskan att förstå det leder oss därför till att studera proteiners struktur. Målet kan vara att förstå en specifik process i en specifik art, kanske för att hitta ett botemedel mot en sjukdom som beror på ett icke-fungerande protein, eller mWe have studied protein motions with nanosecond time-resolved crystallography. The release of carbon monoxide from its complex with myoglobin (MbCO) was triggered by nanosecond laser pulses. X-ray data were collected with time delays ranging from 4 ns to 1.9 ms using the Laue method, at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble. For the first time point, X-ray pulses of 150 ps durati

Popular Abstract in Swedish FISKETS EFFEKTER BEROR PÅ SAMSPELET MELLAN ARTER Fiske och jakt, så kallad populationsbeskattning, påverkar den fiskade eller jagade populationen på en rad olika sätt. Den direkta effekten är uppenbar: dödligheten ökar, och antalet individer i populationen minskar. I förlängningen påverkar denna minskning också andra arter, som t ex äter eller äts av individerna i den bHarvesting changes population abundance and can affect adaptation of several life-history traits. Harvesting can also have indirect effects ? effects on non-target species and secondary effects on target species ? because interactions between species in a community determine the relevant ecological and evolutionary feedback environment. Species interactions therefore influence the effect of harves

Popular Abstract in Swedish SVENSK POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING (SUMMARY IN SWEDISH) Vi kommer dagligen i kontakt med kemiska ämnen av olika slag. Med till exempel mat och dryck, läkemedel, tobaksrökning och miljögifter får vi i oss ämnen som kan vara skadliga för oss. Vi är dock utrustade med ett ordentligt reningsverk, framför allt är det levern som ser till att farliga ämnen bryts ner ochCytochrome P450 (CYP) is involved in the metabolism of the majority of clinically used drugs. We have studied the CYP mediated metabolism of quinoline 3-carboxamides, a group of synthetic immunomodulators in liver microsomal preparations from various species. Roquinimex, the lead compound, was found to be metabolised by CYPs to hydroxylated and demethylated metabolites. A similar metabolite patter

Bronchoconstriction is a hallmark in respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Current therapies use bronchodilating agents in order to control the exacerbations produced by limited airflow and improve the quality of life of patients suffering from these diseases. Capsazepine, a compound derived from the active principle of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum),

The studies in this thesis have shown that the partitioning of endoglucanase I (EGI, Cel7B) from T. reesei could be significantly improved by relatively minor genetic engineering. By adding short peptides composed of tryptophan and proline residues to EGI, extreme partitioning could be obtained. The site of the tag fusion was shown to be crucial for the efficiency of the tag. Methods suitable for

This dissertation draws on postcolonial understandings in order to offer a sociological analysis of Lebanese immigrants in Montreal, New York City and Paris. I argue that the concept of diaspora provides a framework for understanding Lebanese immigrant experiences, as some immigrants may undergo a process of assimilation while others continue to hold on to their ethnic identities. Proposing that “

Popular Abstract in Swedish Infektiös hepatit eller gulsot kan orsakas av flera olika sorters virus. De har alla det gemensamt att de orsakar en inflammation av levern. Namnet gulsot kommer av att när leverns funktion nedsätts så ansamlas ett färgämne i kroppen och ger ögonvitorna och huden en synlig gulgrön färg. Efter hand som de olika gulsotsvirusen har upptäckts har de namngivits efter alfabetHepatitis B virus is a non-cytopathic virus with a small, circular, partially double-stranded DNA of 3.2 kb. It causes acute and chronic inflammatory liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Retesting of stored sera from an outbreak of acute hepatitis in 1969-72 allowed identification of 126 cases of acute hepatitis B. No chronic carriers expressing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) cou

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by the progressive loss of nigral dopamine neurons and the presence of synucleinopathy. Overexpression of α-synuclein in vivo using viral vectors has opened interesting possibilities to model PD-like pathology in rodents. However, the attempts made so far have failed to show a consistent behavioural phenotype and pronounced dopamine neurodegeneration. Usin