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Pain is a major health issue for each affected individual and has a large impact on health costs. Most of our knowledge about this defensive system rely on data from different animal experiments. There is an obvious need for a translational pain model allowing comparisons between experimental animals and humans. UVB irradiation of skin has been introduced as a valid translational pain model and th

Avian Influenza Viruses (AIVs) infect many mammals, including humans1. These AIVs are diverse in their natural hosts, harboring almost all possible viral subtypes2. Human pandemics of flu originally stem from AIVs3. Many fatal human cases during the H5N1 outbreaks in recent years were reported. Lately, a new AIV related strain swept through the human population, causing the 'swine flu epidemic'4.

Aims: The aim of this report is to provide a standard educational structure for nurses and allied professionals (NAP) specialising in interventional cardiology. The curriculum can also be used as a basis for training on a certificate-based level in interventional cardiology. Methods and results: The curriculum was developed by a panel of experts from various allied health professions. The syllabus

In heterogeneous catalysis the reactions occur on the surface of a catalyst. To understand the reaction pathways, a detailed understanding on an atomic level is critical. However, the gas atmosphere surrounding the surface dictates the interaction between the surface and the gas. At low pressures this is often neglected, but as the community turns to higher pressures it becomes important to consid

Adequate food packaging is important to ensure food quality and prolong the shelf life of food. Frequently, the method of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is used. We used a tunable diode laser spectroscopy technique to detect the oxygen content in food packages, e.g., in packaged milk and bread. Different detection geometries were adopted to be able to collect scattering light that had passed

Popular Abstract in Swedish POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING IMMUNFÖRSVARET OCH KOMPLEMENTSYSTEMET Till skydd mot infektioner har människan sitt immunförsvar. Här ingår till exempel vita blodkroppar och en mängd olika proteiner. En viktig grupp av proteiner kallas för komplementsystemet, vilket består av ca 30 proteiner som kan angripa bakterier och andra oönskade partiklar och delta i för-störThe ability of many pathogenic microorganisms to cause infection is dependent on their ability to evade attack by the complement system of the host. One mechanism by which microorganisms may avoid complement attack is to bind complement inhibitory molecules present in the host. This thesis describes studies of the complement inhibitor C4BP and of inter-actions between C4BP and the human pathogen

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen hos västerländska kvinnor. I Sverige kommer var tionde kvinna att drabbas av bröstcancer, vilket motsvarar drygt 5000 kvinnor om året. Dödligheten i bröstcancer är 30%. Detta innebär att en tredjedel av de som drabbas kommer att dö av sin sjukdom. Det är dock inte själva tumören i bröstet som dödar eftersom denna i princip allt

This article describes factors influencing investments in skills training as well as related outcomes in terms of participation rates and benefits on an individual and societal level. Market mechanisms largely drive human capital investments. According to this logic, workers and employers conduct a cost–benefit analysis, weighing expected payoffs against expected costs and investing accordingly. A

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bukspottkörteln (pankreas) består av en exocrin och en endocrin del. Den exocrina delen som studerats i denna avhandling innerhåller acinarceller som producerar bukspott innehållande matsmältningsenzymer. Dessa enzymer spjälkar proteiner, kolhydrater och fetter som finns i födan, till sina mindre beståndsdelar aminosyror, monosackarider och fettsyror. Efter sekretion avThe regulation of the exocrine pancreas has been under thorough investigation for many decades. In rats, cholecystokinin (CCK) is considered to be the major gut hormone stimulating the pancreas to releasing the digestive enzymes. CCK acts directly via CCK-A receptors in the pancreas, or through receptors located on the vagal afferents and stimulating the secretion via the cholinergic vagal efferen

Popular Abstract in Swedish Grodyngels anpassning till livsmiljön - om betydelsen av, och samspelet mellan, arv och miljö Bakgrund Naturen är variabel och föränderlig. Inom en arts utbredningsområde kan miljöförhållandena variera rumsligt, och vad som är en lyckad strategi med avseende på t.ex. reproduktion eller predatorundvikande på en plats är inte nödvändigtvis den optimala strategin på en aAmphibian larvae are plastic in many traits. Can plasticity buffer population divergence, so that local adaptation is more common in non-plastic traits? I argue that this may be the case for adaptive plastic responses. Tadpoles of Rana arvalis are shown to alter their tail depth plastically as a response to predation risk; this is a truly adaptive response. Tail depths in the field (population and

Popular Abstract in Swedish Sedan 1960-talet har det varit möjligt att transplantera organ från en människa till en annan. Transplantation är den enda behandlingsmetoden när hjärta, lungor eller lever är obotligt skadade. För njursjuka finns dialys som ett alternativ, även om transplantation oftast är ett bättre alternativ. Ett stort problem är att kroppens immunförsvar inte accepterar det nya orTransplantation is the only cure for end-stage organ failure. With the transplantation follows the need for continuous treatment with immunosuppressive agents for as long as the graft functions, which entails major side effects. Less toxic treatments are therefore in great demand. Preferably, the treatment should also be limited in time. The ultimate solution would be induction of tolerance to t

This paper proposes a low-complexity two dimensional channel estimator for MIMO-OFDM systems derived from a time-frequency variant channel estimator previously proposed. The estimator exploits both time and frequency correlations of the wireless channel via use of Slepian-basis expansions. The computational saving comes from replacing a two-dimensional Slepian-basis expansion with two serially con

In this paper we address the test scheduling problem for system-on-chip. Different from previous approaches where it is assumed that all tests will be performed until completion, we consider the cases where the test process will be terminated as soon as a defect is detected. This is common practice in production test of chips. The proposed technique takes into account the probability of defect-det

In 2003/2004 the Masters of European Affairs Programme looked at IPRs and the relationship between developed and developing countries as it pertained to technology transfer, and specifically the TRIPS Agreement. They addressed three crucial issues: Can the rules on international exhaustion of IPR provide the means to transfer essential medicines to developing countries? Having determined that exha