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The acoustic cavitation phenomenon is a source of energy for a wide range of applications such as sonoluminescence and sonochemistry. The behavior of a single bubble in liquids is an essential study for acoustic cavitation. The bubbles react with the pressure forces in liquids and reveal their full potential when periodically driven by acoustic waves. As a result of extreme compression of the bubb

Galectins are defined by a conserved beta-galactoside binding site, which has been linked to many of their important functions in e.g. cell adhesion, signaling and intracellular trafficking. Weak adjacent sites may enhance or decrease affinity for natural beta-galactoside containing glycoconjugates, but little is known about the biological role of this modulation of affinity (fine specificity). We

Upon tissue injury and infection both stressed and dying cells can release proteins that normally reside inside the cells. Some of the released proteins become ligands of various cell surface receptors expressed by local cells and such proteins are denoted damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Binding of some DAMPs to certain cell surface receptors induces signals emanating in the producti

Mobility growth poses considerable challenges to city planners around the world, as it entails problems of congestion, air pollution, and accidents. Many cities have thus sought to increase the share of sustainable transport, and specifically travel by bicycle. However, it appears that measures to foster cycling are often implemented on an ad hoc basis, lacking strategic focus and a more profound

Yeast species belonging to the lineage that underwent the whole genome duplication (WGD), and including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can grow under anaerobiosis and accumulate ethanol in the presence of glucose and oxygen. The pre-WGD yeasts, which branched from the S. cerevisiae lineage just prior to the WGD event, including Kluyveromyces lactis, are more dependent on oxygen and do not accumulate la

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are known to alter the fitness of individual organisms via changes in growth, behavior, and reproduction. It is largely unknown, however, whether these effects cascade through the food web and indirectly affect other, less sensitive organisms. The authors present results from a mesocosm experiment whereby the effects of the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder directed against the β cells of the pancreatic islets. The genetic risk of the disease is linked to HLA-DQ risk alleles and unknown environmental triggers. In most countries, only 10-15% of children or young adults newly diagnosed with T1DM have a first-degree relative with the disease. Autoantibodies against insulin, GAD65, IA-2 or the ZnT

It is an undeniable fact that software project managers need reliable techniques and robust tool support to be able to exercise a fine control over the development process so that products can be delivered in time and within budget. Therefore, managers need to be trained so that they could learn and use new techniques and be aware of their possible impacts. In this context, effective learning is a

The lilioid herb, Anthericum ramosum, occurs in four geographically-isolated regions (Sjaelland, Skane, Oland and Gotland) in Denmark and southern Sweden. We investigated allozyme variation at nine polymorphic loci in A. ramosum from 16 sites (33 populations) in the four regions. There was no clear overall geographic pattern of differentiation between the regions, but the southernmost Gotland and

The history of von Willebrand's disease (VWD) is fascinating because it demonstrates how good clinical observations, genetic studies and biochemical skills can improve basic understanding of a disease and its management. The continuous efforts of scientists and clinicians during the last 80 years have significantly improved the knowledge of von Willebrand factor (VWF) structure and function and th

Mutations in the BRAF oncogene occur in the majority of melanomas, leading to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the transcription of downstream effectors. As BRAF and its effectors could be good melanoma therapy targets, defining the repertoire of genes that are differentially regulated because of BRAF mutational activation is an important objective. Towards this g