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Dragonflies pursue and capture tiny prey and conspecifics with extremely high success rates. These moving targets represent a small visual signal on the retina and successful chases require accurate detection and amplification by downstream neuronal circuits. This amplification has been observed in a population of neurons called small target motion detectors (STMDs), through a mechanism we term pr
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was introduced 5 decades ago in 1968. Since then ERCP has redefined treatment of pancreatic and biliary tract diseases. The modern duodenoscopy was invented in 1970. Initially, ERCP was mainly used for diagnostic purposes. Sphincterotomy was introduced 1974, which made surgery obsolete in the management of cholodocholitiasis. In 1980 were the f
For patients with end-stage heart failure, the use of mechanical circulatory support has increased in the last decade due to improved outcomes with durable left ventricular assist devices. The management of these complex patients requires coordinated care by a multidisciplinary team including cardiac electrophysiologists because atrial and ventricular arrhythmias are prevalent in this population.
Lodging is the process where crop plants fall over and lie on the ground due to strong winds and heavy precipitation. This problem reduces yield and increases the risk of fungal infections and pre-harvest germination. In order to avoid lodging, plant breeders utilize short-culm mutants, which often have a robust culm that can support the weight of a heavy spike. In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), tho
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the foundation of higher education policies that have promoted entrepreneurship in Sweden since the mid-1990s.Design/methodology/approachTo do this, the authors use Bacchi’s (1999) “What’s the problem?” approach. A central assumption of which is that perceptions of a problem affect how its solution looks. Bacchi’s approach is described as
Energy efficiency regulations are one of the important policy packages employed for climate mitigation. Recent evaluations from the USA and the European Union (EU) indicate that the setting of minimum mandatory energy performance standards (MEPS) for different products-such as electric motors, TVs, and dishwashers-are among the best-performing climate policies and that these regulations are also c
A recent core drilling in the geologically classical Fågelsång area resulted in a 58.70-m-long drill core through the lowermost Sandbian Sularp Shale, the Darriwilian Almelund Shale and Komstad Limestone, and part of the late Tremadocian to earliest Darriwilian Tøyen Shale. The shales contain zone index graptolites that are used for an update of the standard Darriwilian graptolite zone succession
Potentiation of spinal nociceptive transmission by synaptic delivery of AMPA receptors, via an NMDA receptor- and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent pathway, has been proposed to underlie certain forms of hyperalgesia, the enhanced pain sensitivity that may accompany inflammation or tissue injury. However, the specific synaptic populations that may be subject to such
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of the review is to show the similarities between haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) and foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) and to describe the background and challenges related to the current endeavours of developing a prophylaxis against FNAIT. The rationale for this prophylaxis is similar to the prophylaxis which has been used
