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Historically, the nautical fault exception was justified on the basis that shipowners lacked the ways to control their ships by communication on long voyages and so masters had to act in their own judgement. Modern communications have defeated this underlying rationale but shipowners still want to claim the benefit of the exception. As a matter of statutory regulation, the exception traces back to
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is one of the most active international entities in the world today. Its scope and purpose have grown incredibly over the past decade and its operations have become increasingly complex and diverse. The purpose of this paper is thus to seek the reasons behind such developments. More specifically, unlike mainstream IR studies which usually focus on interest an
Contrary to what practice suggests, social media platforms may not be an appropriate forum for communicating with civil society about sustainability issues such as climate change. Misinformation campaigns are distorting the line between fact and falsity on social media platforms, and there has been a profound shift in the way that social media users consume and interact with information. These con
Background: Occupational balance is an important concept in occupational science but it has mostly been studied from an individual rather than an interpersonal perspective, i.e. the extent to which one individual’s occupational balance affects and is affected by others. The aim of this review was to describe the extent to which occupational balance has been recently considered from an interpersona
Blastenia is a widely distributed lichen genus in Teloschistaceae. We reconstructed its phylogeny in order to test species delimitation and to find evolutionary drivers forming recent Blastenia diversity. The origin of Blastenia is dated to the early Tertiary period, but later diversification events are distinctly younger. We recognized 24 species (plus 2 subspecies) within 6 infrageneric groups.
Dragonflies pursue and capture tiny prey and conspecifics with extremely high success rates. These moving targets represent a small visual signal on the retina and successful chases require accurate detection and amplification by downstream neuronal circuits. This amplification has been observed in a population of neurons called small target motion detectors (STMDs), through a mechanism we term pr
Mistra Future Fashion Phase 2, IVL Swedish Environment Institute (IVL), PlanMiljø and the International Institute of Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE) at Lund University have investigated a selection of important aspects to consider when implementing an Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for textiles in Sweden. The focus of the work was to identify, analyse and promote aspects that co
Female pheromone gland extracts of two primitive New Zealand tortricid species that use (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate as a pheromone component were analyzed for pheromone precursors. Both Planotortrix excessana and Ctenopseustis obliquana contained (Z)-8-tetradecenoate as well as large amounts of (Z)-10-hexadecenoate. We propose that (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate is synthesized from hexadecanoate (palmi
