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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Endoscopic diagnosis of biliary disease is challenging due to difficulties in access, visualization, and sampling. Recent advances in endoscopic technology, ancillary diagnostic methods, and our understanding of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and IgG4-related cholangitis (IRC) have led to improvements in the endoscopic diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary disease. RECENT FINDINGS: S
To address a diversified student complement in academic studies is becoming more and more frequent in maritime education and training. Diversity challenges are also the reality onboard ships that muster a multicultural crew complement. This thesis aims at creating awareness on dilemmas and challenges that students and faculty meet when working in a multicultural environment. In order not to have
Allozyme and morphological differentiation patterns within the Carex flava complex in Fennoscandia were described by means of multivariate analyses. As a result of these studies, and considering also data on ecology, distribution and hybridization, the following taxa were recognized: C. flava with no infraspecific taxa, C. lepidocarpa with two subspecies, ssp. lepidocarpa and ssp. jemtlandica, C.
Consider the Sobolev embedding operator from the space of functions in W-1,W-p(I) with average zero into L-p, where I is a finite interval and p > 1. This operator plays an important role in recent work. The operator norm and its approximation numbers in closed form are calculated. The closed form of the norm and approximation numbers of several similar Sobolev embedding operators on a finite inte
Rapid economic development in the aftermath of the Chinese post-1978 reforms has resulted in a shrinking of grain grown area in the southern and eastern regions of the country which in turn is believed to have put the marginal northern regions under increased pressure. This paper examines key indicators of agricultural performance as well as cultivated land area development of the pre- and post-19
The accumulation of empirical evidence that outward-oriented developing countries have generally performed better than inward-oriented ones in terms of growth, industrialisation, job creation and other macroeconomic indicators provides an essential lesson for both policy-makers and development economists worldwide. The acknowledged importance of trade and non-traditional exports for development an
Freezing is a method used to preserve food for long periods of time by reducing the rate of naturally occurring reactions and growth of microorganisms. However, some irreversible quality changes, both physical and chemical, can take place during the freezing step. After being frozen, the products are stored until thawed and consumed. This thesis studies innovative freezing technologies to understa
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether fire safety training using virtual reality (VR) is a viable method compared to more traditional methods of fire safety training. One part of the Lund University School of Economics and Management (LUSEM) was built as a VR model. Fire safety information was implemented into the model based on a folder used for fire safety training. The study was conduct
Patent suits are among the more expensive legal endeavours a party can partake in. The best-case scenario for patentees is a cease-and-desist letter, where the threat of an impending suit convinces the alleged infringer stop altogether. If the alleged infringer insists, a court solves the matter and business may continue as usual. In the EU however, this chain of events is complicated by the possi
I Sverige råder fri bevisprövning. Det betyder att den dömande makten är fri att beakta allt som förekommit i målet, och är med några få undantag inte bunden av några rättsregler kring hur bevisningen ska värderas. Detta regleras i rättegångsbalken kapitel 35, och egentligen den enda instruktion domaren får inför denna uppgift är att prövningen ska vara ”samvetsgrann”. Så vad innebär detta? Är rätIn Sweden, the evaluation of evidence is free. This means that the court is free to take into account all that has occurred in the proceedings, and with a few exceptions, the judges are not bound by any legal rules regarding how the evidence is to be valued. This is regulated in rättegångsbalken, chapter 35, and really the only instruction the judge receives for this task is that the evaluation sh
