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Idrotten har en särskild position i samhället och behandlas därför därefter. T.ex. särbehandlas idrottsrörelsen genom att de allmänna och rättsliga reglernas tillämpningsområde begränsas gentemot idrotten. Detta är särskilt tydligt på straffrättens område då många idrotter utövas med olika grader av våld vilket accepteras av såväl samhället som rättsväsendet. Syftet med denna uppsats är därför attSports have a special position in the society and are therefore treated accordingly. For example does the community treat sport differently by limiting the scope of the general and legal rules towards the sports movement. This is particularly clear in criminal law, as many sports are exercised with different degrees of violence, which is accepted by both the society and the judiciary. The purpose

De senaste åren har antalet barn som tvångsomhändertas med stöd av lagen (1990:52) med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga, LVU, ökat kraftigt, och det finns ingen tydlig förklaring till varför denna ökning har skett. Tvångsomhändertaganden med stöd av LVU kan bl.a. bli aktuellt när en person under 20 år har något annat socialt nedbrytande beteende. Rekvisitet är tänkt att täcka in barn som på The last years the number of children subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act (LVU) increased substantially with no clear explanation. A person under 20 years can be subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act if he or she has a socially destructive behavior. The purpose of the prerequisite is to make sure that children who in other ways than through s

Critics maintain that there are a number of troublesome issues resulting from the construction sector’s way of operating and that these remain, despite widespread criticism and measures designed to change all of this. The construction sector’s and the critics’ manner of describing these problems fails to a large extent to take into consideration the way people function in connection with practical

Breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease in terms of clinical characteristics, genetic aberrations and prognosis. In Paper I, we focused on the CD44 molecule that often is aberrantly expressed in breast cancer and is widely used as a marker for cancer stem cells. Several isoforms of the CD44 molecule were analyzed at the transcriptome level across breast tumors and the expression of individua

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under de senaste åren har det svenska samhället förändrats när det gäller dess förhållande till religion och till Svenska kyrkan. Från att ha varit en statskyrka fram till år 2000 och därmed tidigare tillhört enhetskulturen och varit en majoritets kyrka, är Svenska kyrka idag en kyrka som är fri från staten och verkar i ett mångkulturellt samhälle där många olika kulturThe tradition for teenagers to participate in confirmation groups and be confirmed was formerly very strong in Sweden. Up to the 1970s, approximately 80-90 % of all young Swedes were confirmed. But in 2007, these courses were only attended by 37 %, according to the latest Church of Sweden statistics (Svenska kyrkan 2007a). The Aim of the thesis is: Using a Bildung perspective, the aim of the prese

The influence of aerosols, both natural and anthropogenic, remains a major area of uncertainty when predicting the properties and behaviour of clouds and their influence on climate. In an attempt to better understand warm cloud formation in a tropical marine environment, a period of intensive measurements took place in December 2004 in Puerto Rico, using some of the latest developments in online i

Popular Abstract in Swedish De senaste 25 åren har flera nya narkosläkemedel registrerats och fått stort genomslag i vårt land. Den främsta orsaken är att dessa läkemedel medger ett snabbare uppvaknande och bättre postoperativt välbefinnande, vilket gör att många patienter snabbare kan återvända hem efter sina operationer. Propofol (2,6-di-isopropylfenol) som är ett av våra mest använda intra-venöOver the last 25 years a number of new anaesthetic drugs have been introduced on the market to allow for better patient satisfaction and faster recovery after anaesthesia and sedation. Propofol (2,6-di-isopropylphenol), one of our most common iv anaesthetics, is associated with pleasant sleep and rapid recovery with little postoperative nausea. When used for anaesthetic induction propofol causes s

Almost all states around the world have ratified the ICCPR and ICESCR in which the main human rights standards are stipulated. Many have accepted the other relevant international human rights instruments including CRC, CERD, CEDAW and CAT. Many have also incorporated human rights provisions in their Constitutions. Ethiopia is one of the countries that have ratified all the major human rights instr

It was not until the 1970's, when the claims that lawyers profession fell within the exception of official authority (Article 45 EC) were defeated in the Reyners judgement and the lawyer's profession was held to be within the scope of freedom of establishment. In 1977, the Community legislator adopted a Legal service directive. The directive applies to the lawyers from any Member State whe

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar till stora delar om fotodynamisk tumörterapi (PDT). PDT har sedan början av förra århundradet undersökts som ett tänkbart alternativ till strålningsbehandling, kirurgi och kemoterapi för behandling av cancertumörer i kroppen. Precis som namnet antyder involverar metoden en fotodynamisk reaktion. För att denna reaktion skall ske behövs tre kompoPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) as a cancer treatment modality relies on the simultaneous presence of three components; light, photosensitiser and oxygen. Once excited by the light, the photosensitiser can interact with oxygen, leading to the formation of toxic oxygen species. These reactive substances induce cellular damage within the irradiated tissue volume. PDT has been investigated for treating ma

Interactions between metals and natural organic matter (NOM) are of great environmental importance and one of the key factors influencing hydrolysis, solubility, and speciation of the metals. However, studying geochemically relevant metals like Al, Fe, and Cu is sometimes associated with analytical problems; for example Fe and Cu are both redox active. Gallium (Ga) is a non-redox active metal that

Förstainstansrättens dom i målet Microsoft mot Kommissionen har gett upphov till många konkurrensrättsliga frågor, bl.a. gällande Microsofts tying av Windows Media Player till sitt operativsystem Windows. Denna uppsats för framförallt ett resonemang kring frågan om huruvida de ”traditionella” EG-rättsliga metoder som idag används vid bedömningen av kopplingsförbehåll (tying) är förlegade när dessa

As international cross-border tax planning increasingly tests domestic legal frameworks,Sweden has relied on a patchwork of different provisions to combat treaty abuse. Throughthe dynamic interplay between its domestic anti-avoidance rules and international treatyprovisions, Sweden has occasionally deployed its targeted Specific Anti-Avoidance Rules(SAARs) and even discussed the possibility of app

In medieval Scandinavia, parchment was a crucial writing material for everything from property deeds and judicial matters to religious works and account keeping. As society became more and more invested in literacy, the demand for parchment grew. However, the supply of animals for parchment could not increase to the same extent without great changes in animal husbandry. This thesis explores how me

Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) we have studied the flux line lattices of the first heavy-fermion superconductor to be discovered, CeCu2Si2, the well-known high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7, along with Ca-doped variants of this compound, and several topological superconductor candidates that have attracted a lot of attention in the last few years, such as PbTaSe2, Au2Pb and β-B

Datasets are growing in size and complexity, especially with respect to the number of features of the problems that we study, which now often number in the millions. This has lead to a surge in interest for sparse regression models, which help make sense of these datasets by modeling them efficiently whilst still retaining a notion of explainability. Because these datasets are so large, however, t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Is är något som de flesta människor i Sverige kommer i kontakt med dagligen,om det är för att kyla en dryck eller ta sig en glass, är det något som de flesta är bekanta med. Om en vattenlösning eller en vattensuspension kyls under fryspunkten för vatten ( 0 °C) så börjar iskristaller att bildas. Speciellt med denna process är att iskristallerna som bildas består endast Macroporous hydrogels are regarded as interesting materials both within biotechnology and biomedicine due to their properties. These materials can be prepared from a wide range of synthetic or naturally occurring compounds using a number of different techniques for their production. For this thesis, cryostructuring was used to prepare macroporous hydrogels, often named cryogels. The work utilized

Brott, bedrägerier och andra oegentligheter, vilka riktar sig mot EU:s eko-nomiska intressen skadar allvarligt EU:s budget varje år. För att garantera ett bättre skydd för EU:s finanser framlade kommissionen i juli 2013 För-slag till Rådets förordning om inrättande av Europeiska åklagarmyndighe-ten . Myndigheten ska ha en exklusiv kompetens att utreda brott mot EU:s ekonomiska intressen över hela Fraud and other offences, aimed towards the financial interestets of the union, are seriously harming the union’s budget every year. To guarantee a better protection of the unions finances, the Commission put forward Pro-posal for a Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office . The Office will have an exclusive competence to in-vestigate and prosecute crimina

Self-levelling flooring compounds (SLCs) are mainly used on concrete floors. Their purpose is to smooth the floors and make them horizontal. The fact that they are self-levelling means that they spread out like water over the floor before hardening to a horizontal layer. Some of them are also advertised as being self-desiccating. A quote from a big manufacturer on the Swedish market regarding thei

Introduction: The axonal myelin sheath is the main cause of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast between gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in the brain. It encloses a small pool of myelin water (MW) with a short T2 of about 15 ms. Common signal equations of MRI sequence assume an instantaneous RF excitation pulse followed by free relaxation. As known from ultra-short echo time (UTE) MRI,