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Liberalisation and deregulation of public utility sectors has been introduced in several European countries. In 1994 Swedish municipalities were instructed to reorganise waste collection routines by enlarging the number of fractions to be able to reuse waste fractions in an environmental benign way. The public waste sector have to a considerable extent been diversified and deregulated. At the same
Popular Abstract in Swedish Med ett stokastiskt fält (random field) kan man matematiskt modellera en yta vars struktur och variationer i större eller mindre utsträckning kan beskrivas som slumpmässiga. Ett typexempel är havsytan. Det finns vissa ''regler'' för hur den kan se ut, men det exakta utseendet hos en viss våg uppfattas som slumpmässigt. Reglerna omfattar bland annat medelnivån, huIn this thesis the focus is on crossing points in random fields and the probability distributions of various crossing variables in different applications. The crossing points are generalisations to random fields of points of level crossings by stochastic processes. Only crossing events that occur at distinct points in the parameter space are considered, for example stationary points (zero-crossing
Background: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) play essential roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. High levels of both uPA and PAT-1 are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. To confirm the prognostic value of uPA and PAI-1 in primary breast cancer, we reanalyzed individual patient data provided by members of the European Organization for Re
Background: Pancreatic cancer and other pancreaticobiliary type periampullary adenocarcinomas have a dismal prognosis even after resection and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Intestinal type periampullary adenocarcinomas generally have a better prognosis, but little is known on optimal neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment. New prognostic and treatment predictive biomarkers are needed for improved treatmen
Target-specific molecular imaging with radiolabeled antibodies has experienced a rapid growth over the past 20 years, and is now an essential tool to provide information on disease presence and extent. Despite all efforts to detect and control prostate cancer at an early stage, a number of men are still progressing to develop incurable metastatic disease. Because of this, development of new method
Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although previous studies have shown that DS-ALL differs clinically and genetically from non-DS-ALL, much remains to be elucidated as regards genetic and prognostic factors in DS-ALL. Methods: To address clinical and genetic differences between DS-ALL and non-DS-ALL and to identify prognosti
Popular Abstract in Swedish Cancer i tjocktarm och ändtarm (colorektal cancer) är en av de vanligaste cancerformerna i västvärlden. Årligen insjuknar drygt 5 000 människor i Sverige i denna sjukdom, och ungefär hälften av dessa dör till följd av sin cancer. De som avlider i colorektal cancer har i de allra flesta fall spridning av tumören till andra organ (metastasering). Levern är den vanligaste Liver is the most common site of dissemination in colorectal cancer, and untreated liver metastases are associated with a poor prognosis. The main reason for trying to detect liver metastases early is that liver resection offers a chance for cure in selected patients. The sensitivity of alkaline phosphatases (ALP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), computed tomography (CT), CT with arterial contrast
A systematic study of cell membrane morphologies whose structure is governed by cubic symmetries has been performed. It is suggested that they are described by periodic cubic surfaces for which space filling surface foliations given by truncated Fourier series defined by the space groups is used as structural representations. Using this a method is developed which enables a direct ultrastructural
The dielectric continuum model has rightfully been and continues to be a major workhorse for theory and modelling in Surface and Colloid Chemistry. Due to the implicit description of water, entering only as a scaling constant for charge-charge interactions, one would not expect it to work for short distances. However, considerable evidence has been accumulated over the years which shows that t
Background: Novel efficacious treatments with long-term tolerability are needed for transplant-ineligible, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. This phase 2 study evaluated the safety and efficacy of all-oral ixazomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone (ICd) followed by single-agent ixazomib maintenance. Patients and methods: Patients were randomised (1:1) to receive 4.0 mg of ixazomib, 3
PURPOSE: Adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation and chemotherapy at progression was evaluated in 162 patients in a prospective randomized multicenter study. We also evaluated DNA-measurements as an additional prognostic factor.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received adjuvant carboplatin AUC 7 every 28 days for six courses (n = 81) or no adjuvant treatment (n = 81). Eligibility included surgicall
Background: Vitamin D is crucial for mineralized tissue formation and immunological functions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and dental status in healthy children with vitamin D supplementation in infancy and at 6 years of age. Method: Eight-year-old children who had participated in a vitamin D intervention project when they were 6 years old wer
The growing acceptance and recognition of Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT) as a promising imaging technique has supported its recent spread in a large number of radiation oncology facilities. Although this technology is not new, many aspects of it have only recently been exploited. This review focuses on the latest SGRT developments, both in the field of general clinical applications and sp
Background. Flattening filter-free (FFF) beams are an emerging technology that has not yet been widely implemented as standard practice in radiotherapy centers. To facilitate the clinical implementation of FFF, we attempted to elucidate the difference in plan quality and treatment delivery time compared to flattening filter beams (i.e. standard, STD) for several patient groups. We hypothesize that
Objectives: The aims of this study are (1) to compare dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bioimpedance for body composition measurements in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease, and (2) to investigate factors associated with any measurement differences. Design and Methods: This is a substudy using some baseline data from a randomized controlled clinical trial. One hundred twent
Human–wildlife interactions occur when humans and wildlife overlap in the same landscapes. Due to the growing human population, the number of interactions will continue to increase, and in some cases, develop further into social conflicts. Conflicts may occur between people disagreeing about wildlife conservation or arguing over which wildlife management measures should be taken. Social conflicts
Purpose: Radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE is well established for patients with advanced somatostatin receptor–positive neuroendocrine tumors with a standard schedule of 7.4 GBq at four occasions. However, this approach does not consider individual variability affecting the tumor radiation dose or dose to organs at risk. Therefore, it is important to assess more personalized strategies. Th
Background: Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a constitutive hormone secreted in men by the mature Leydig cells of the testes. It is an accurate biomarker for Leydig cell functional capacity, reflecting their total cell number and differentiation status. Objectives: To determine the ability of INSL3 to predict hypogonadism and age-related morbidity using the EMAS cohort of older community-dwelling
In this thesis, the Lebanese legal system is presented using a comparative approach, with emphasis on its French influence and rapprochement to European Community law. The republic of Lebanon was formally established in 1943, following a French mandate period sanctioned by the League of Nations in 1920. During this period most of the legal institutions and material rules and codes that characteriz
Problem Statement: The project started with a request from IKEA to contribute more to the environment. The task for this project, issued by IKEA, was to create a concept for a free-standing indoor storage unit for recyclable waste. The unit should hold at least seven different types of waste: cardboard, plastic, paper, metal, glass, deposit waste and some smaller hazardous waste, such as batteries
