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Popular Abstract in Swedish Proteiner är livsnödvändiga. I grunden består de av utsträckta kedjor av aminosyror, av vilka det endast finns 20 olika sorter. Dessa är dock nödvändiga för livsviktiga funktioner i organismer, så som att agera som katalysatorer för biokemiska reaktioner, att transportera molekyler och att strukturellt hålla ihop vävnad. Proteiner är ofta specialiserade för deras givna Proteins carry out the instructions encoded in genes and are crucial for many important tasks in the living organism. Often the specific three dimensional structure, or fold, of a protein enables it to carry out a given task. It is an open question whether protein folds have arisen independently or whether mutations to existing protein sequences have caused switches to new folds. In the main part

The widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) across energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and consumer electronics is accelerating, yet the safety challenges associated with thermal runaway (TR) events remain incompletely understood. This report presents a structured review of current knowledge regarding flammable and toxic gas emissions from LIBs during TR, the consequences for fiThe widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) across energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and consumer electronics is accelerating, yet the safety challenges associated with thermal runaway (TR) events remain incompletely understood. This report presents a structured review of current knowledge regarding flammable and toxic gas emissions from LIBs during TR, the consequences for fi

The cell is the fundamental unit of life and in multicellular animals, all cells are derived from stem cells. To understand how stem cell development may influence phenotypic evolution, this thesis studies a population of vertebrate stem cells known as neural crest cells (NCCs). With unparalleled potency and migratory behavior, NCCs affect many different traits spread over the entire vertebrate boThe cell is the fundamental unit of life and in multicellular animals, all cells are derived from stem cells. To understand how stem cell development may influence phenotypic evolution, this thesis studies a population of vertebrate stem cells known as neural crest cells (NCCs). With unparalleled potency and migratory behavior, NCCs affect many different traits spread over the entire vertebrate bo

The alighting and boarding times of commuter trains play a major role for the length of dwell times and are directly influenced by the flow rate of both alighting and boarding passengers, measured as the number of passengers passing through a door per second. It is, therefore, important to have a good understanding of passenger flow rates to better understand and schedule dwell times. Where previo

Based on molecular dynamics simulations of four globular proteins in dilute aqueous solution, with three different water models, we examine several, essentially geometrical, aspects of the protein-water interface that remain controversial or incompletely understood. First, we compare different hydration shell definitions, based on spatial or topological proximity criteria. We find that the best me

Parasite diversity and abundance (parasite load) vary greatly among host species. However, the influence of host traits on variation in parasitism remains poorly understood. Comparative studies of parasite load have largely examined measures of parasite species richness and are predominantly based on records obtained from published data. Consequently, little is known about the relationships betwee

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) and recurrent otitis media (rAOM) are two common diagnoses in childhood, both of which are treated with grommets, or ventilation tubes. It is known that affected children have a worse quality of life (QoL), and various questionnaires have been used to evaluate this. The national Swedish quality register for grommet insertions contains some QoL questions

This paper studies contextual effects on fertility at the onset of fertility decline in Sweden. We argue that the community exerts an influence on fertility when individuals belonging to a certain community are more similar to one another (within-area) in their reproductive behaviour than individuals living in another community (between-area). Our hypotheses are that community had a strong influen

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether intraoperative angioscopic assistance has any effect on graft outcome in patients with critical leg ischemia.Material And Methods: One hundred one patients requiring a below-knee bypass were assigned to undergo in situ saphenous vein bypass with or without intraoperative angioscopic assistance; otherwise treated similarly including preoperative duplex vein mapping, i

An alternative formulation of the Lund fragmentation model for string states without gluons is presented. It is shown that the fragmentation process can be factorised into a product of transition operators with well-defined eigenfunctions and corresponding eigenvalues. The physical properties of these functions are studied and possible applications are suggested. A fragmentation model for multigl

We model collisions between pre-main-sequence stars using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. Assuming that all collisions lead to simple mergers, we use derived merger cross-sections to calculate the time-scale to make a 50-M-circle dot star by collisions within the core of a stellar cluster as a function of stellar number density. We show that a 50-M-circle dot star may be produced in this

As there has been a considerable increase regarding the number of police reports on physical child abuse in Sweden since the mid-1980s, there should be an increased number of children in need of trauma-focused mental health treatment. During 1986 - 1996, there were 126 children reported as being physically abused by a parent or equivalent and reported to the police in a police district in Sweden.

A pocket cavity is generated when the Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) is connected to the Outlet Guide Vane (OGV) in the rear part of a gas turbine engine due to the different conjugate diameters. This kind of pocket cavities, due to the high Reynolds number and the specific shapes, are hardly investigated in previous researches. The heat transfer distribution and fluid flow over the pocket cavity have

In the western world, strokes are the third most common cause of death, hitting mainly the elderly population. Smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes and overweight are known risk factors for causing strokes. Previous studies show that an increased level of particulate matter, PM, is also related to an increased number of strokes. The population in this study consists of patients over 65 years old

In response to the ongoing climate crisis, many countries have issued policies to support the uptake of renewable energy. In the same vein, the European Union (EU) has issued a revised renewable energy directive in 2018. One of the pillars of the directive is the support for community energy initiatives, i.e. sustainable energy initiatives run by or with the participation of citizens. The concept

Protein synthesis elongation factor G (EF-G) is an essential protein with central roles in both the elongation and ribosome recycling phases of protein synthesis. Although EF-G evolution is predicted to be conservative, recent reports suggest otherwise. We have characterized EF-G in terms of its molecular phylogeny, genomic context, and patterns of amino acid substitution. We find that most bacter

With their potential to effectively address multiple urban sustainability challenges, the emerging policy discourse on nature-based solutions seeks to encourage the development of multifunctional nature for sustainable and just cities. Nature-based solutions, however, are vulnerable to co-option by powerful interests in ways that limit their contribution to a broad range of sustainability goals. R

Carefully selecting the right collection datastructure can significantly improve the performance of a Java program. Unfortunately, the performance impact of a certain collection selection can be hard to estimate.To assist developers there are tools that recommend collections to use based on static and/or dynamic information about a program. The majority of existing collection selection tools for J