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Background: About 73% of the population in Sierra Leone live in multidimensional poverty which makes Sierra Leone to be one of the poorest countries in the world. Sierra Leone suffered from a decade long civil war, 1991-2002, where humiliating methods were used such as machete amputations of civilians and the progress of eradicating poliomyelitis was hindered. Purpose: The aim of this study was to

The Agency Effectiveness Study explores a wide range of the daily concerns faced by competition agency heads and their staff, with an emphasis on the formal and informal ways in which they are addressed. Managing and operating a competition agency is very much a process of learning-by-doing. The aim of the study is, therefore, to capture and make available the know-how that competition agency offi

Families living with mental illness express needs of support and experiences of burden that may affect their own health detrimentally and hence also their ability to support the patient. Mindfulness-based interventions have shown beneficial health effects in both clinical and healthy populations. The aim of the current study was to explore the effectiveness and usability of a web-based mindfulness

Longitudinal studies of caregiver burden when caring for persons with dementia living at home are sparse. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with caregiver burden and predicting increased burden related to caregivers, persons with dementia and formal care. Data were collected through interviews with 1223 caregivers in eight European countries. Bivariate and multivariate regres

Future applications of internet of things (IoT) will go far beyond connecting sensors to the internet. The real challenge lies in how to easily build well working systems of things: well integrated distributed applications that support users, yet built from a variety of devices running on a variety of networks and protocols, and including services that were not designed to interoperate.Based on ou

Climate change has been associated with both latitudinal and elevational shifts in species’ ranges. The extent, however, to which climate change has driven recent range shifts alongside other putative drivers remains uncertain. Here, we use the changing distributions of 378 European breeding bird species over 30 years to explore the putative drivers of recent range dynamics, considering the effect

The response of evapotranspiration (ET) to warming is of critical importance to the water and carbon cycle of the boreal biome, a mosaic of land cover types dominated by forests and peatlands. The effect of warming-induced vapour pressure deficit (VPD) increases on boreal ET remains poorly understood because peatlands are not specifically represented as plant functional types in Earth system model

Iceland has been one of the main destinations that have been incorporated into the discourse of overtourism. However, Iceland is different to many other supposed overtourism destinations in that its tourism is based on natural areas. Nevertheless, destination discourses can play an important part in influencing tourist decision-making and government and industry policy making. A media analysis was

The cultivation of ethnographic discovery is not only about being insightful in the field by paying attention to unexpected events and unforeseen social processes. We should also search for potentially surprising or disturbing findings after the fieldwork. This can provide additional ways to create an original and sustainable understanding of research material. In this chapter, we discuss a study

Background: The loss of carbon (C) from agricultural soils has been, in part, attributed to tillage, a common practice providing a number of benefits to farmers. The promotion of less intensive tillage practices and no tillage (NT) (the absence of mechanical soil disturbance) aims to mitigate negative impacts on soil quality and to preserve soil organic carbon (SOC). Several reviews and meta-analy

In a joint research project – Human Factors in Air Navigation Services, HUFA – between the Swedish Civil Aviation Administration and Lund University the focus is on human and organizational factors and safety in air traffic control. The Swedish Air Navigation Services (ANS) are undergoing major organizational changes in order to adapt to changing demands on efficiency and technical development in

A major question in organizations is how to support Business Processes (BPs) by an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. In this paper we present thoughts on designing implementation processes of ERPs using a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based perspective: The starting point is based on the idea of decomposing an ERP from a SOA based perspective and thereby supporting automation of imp

A significant part of the cost of a construction project, up to 90%, consists of purchased goods and services. Suppliers thereby have a large impact on the quality, price and time of projects. Purchasing management is therefore important for the outcome of a project. The aim of research covered by this thesis is to describe and analyse purchasing management and its interrelation with the supplier

Air travel is often justified as ‘necessary’ or ‘unavoidable’, in the sense that trips have purpose and value. Yet it is evident that people travel for reasons that may include forced and voluntary movement, with motives ranging from visiting friends and family, to leisure, or business. In light of the challenge to decarbonise transport, and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, this paper

We argue that the (mis)treatment of Eastern European migrant workers during the pandemic revealed the existence of a two-tier EU citizenship, despite the political discourse of equality within the EU. We show that this two-tier citizenship system was generated by the combined effect of differentiated rights and of prejudicious practices applied to EE citizens. In terms of differentiated rights, we

Analysis of coordinated Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) count data from the last 30 years showed a 38.1% decrease in wintering numbers in North-West Europe, from 309,000 during 1988–1991 to c.192,300 individuals during 2015–2018. Annual trends in wintering numbers differed throughout the range. Numbers decreased in the UK, Ireland, and in the Netherlands, while numbers were stable in Denmark. German

Introduction: Developing a national assistive products list is an important part of an assistive technology policy and requires knowledge of total population need, and product costs and benefits; information is not always readily available in low-income countries. Our experience in Tajikistan of developing a national assistive products list provides guidance for others. Methods: Two hundred people

This paper presents an updated checklist of the butterflies of Europe, together with their original name combinations, and their occurrence status in each European country. According to this checklist, 496 species of the superfamily Papilionoidea occur in Europe. Changes in comparison with the last version (2.6.2) of Fauna Europaea are discussed. Compared to that version, 16 species are new additi

In conventional design of pile foundations, all loads are taken by the piles, i.e. the contact pressure between the raft and the soil is neglected. In the last decades geotechnical engineers have started to take this pressure into account in design of pile foundation. Such a foundation, where the raft and the piles interact to transfer the loads to the ground, is in this dissertation called piled