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Background Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with increased risks of breast and ovarian cancers. Although several common variants have been associated with breast cancer susceptibility in mutation carriers, none have been associated with ovarian cancer susceptibility. A genome-wide association study recently identified an association between the rare allele of the sing

The cavitation phenomenon has today become a keystone for different areas of science and technology including various industrial processes and medicine. Recently increasing interest and much attention have been paid to study this phenomenon. The last two decades have witnessed the development of numerous devices for different important applications of considerable practical interest, and the rang

We have generated two reporter plasmids that either monitor expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E2 mRNAs using splice site SA2709 or HPV16 E1C mRNAs utilizing splice site SA2582. In plasmid pE2sLuc, the entire E2 open reading frame was replaced by the secreted luciferase (sLuc) reporter gene and in the pE1nLuc plasmid the E1/E1C open reading frame was fused in frame with the nanoluc

The potential to source thermal energy from buried infrastructure such as tunnels and metro stations may offer significant potential to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of heating and cooling, and reduce the costs associated with dedicated drilling for traditional ground-sourced systems. However, this remains a niche approach with few commercial schemes globally, partly due to high initial cost

This article presents the methodological requirements for clinical examination and patient-reported outcomes measurements. The assessment of any measurement for clinical research in hand surgery is difficult. A method of measuring a criterion could be 100% reliable but 100% invalid. Bias may be present in our assessment if we do not take into account the methodological requirements related to reli

Key topics in the study of host–microbe interactions—such as the prevention of drug resistance and the exploitation of beneficial effects of bacteria—would benefit from concerted efforts with both mechanistic and evolutionary approaches. But due to differences in intellectual traditions, insights gained in one field rarely benefit the other. Here, we develop a conceptual and analytical framework f

The number of degrees of freedom is a crucial parameter in many electromagnetic problems. In for example modern communication systems spatial diversity is often employed through multiple beams to enhance capacity and reliability. However, while the degrees of freedom can be computed, their connection to physical quantities is not as easily understood. To address this issue, this paper proposes a s

Guest editors of special issue with Ecology and Society

Creating shared value (CSV), environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing, and responsible business conduct (RBC) are three frameworks used to assess companies' sustainability impacts. As a relative newcomer, we assess the role of CSV developed in the strategic management studies of Porter and Kramer in light of recent developments in ESG and RBC. Each framework offers its own perspective

Semi-open ecosystems, such as savannas and open woodlands, are biodiversity hotspots due largely to their heterogeneous tree cover (TC), which supports diverse habitats. However, increasing woody encroachment is altering TC heterogeneity, with unclear consequences for ecosystem stability. Using global satellite-based TC estimates (2000–2020), we reveal widespread TC homogenization (24.1%) in semi-

The trend in cellular chipset design today is to incorporate support for a larger number of frequency bands for each new chipset generation. If the chipset also supports receiver diversity two low noise amplifiers (LNAs) are required for each frequency band. This is however associated with an increase of off-chip components, i.e. matching components for the LNA inputs, as well as complex routing o

BACKGROUND: More knowledge about how recovery may promote health among parents with small children is needed.OBJECTIVE: To explore whether insufficient time for leisure was associated with poorer perceived health and higher stress in working parents. A further aim was to explore potential gender differences in the association between insufficient time for leisure and poor perceived health.METHODS:

The surface sensitivity of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has positioned the technique as a routine analysis tool for chemical and electronic structure information. Samples ranging from ideal model systems to industrial materials can be analyzed. Instrumentational developments in the past two decades have popularized ambient pressure XPS, with pressures in the tens of mbar now commonplace.

Antibody-based proteomics offers distinct advantages in the analysis of complex samples for discovery and validation of biomarkers associated with disease. However, its large-scale implementation requires tools and technologies that allow development of suitable antibody or antibody fragments in a high-throughput manner. To address this we designed and constructed two human synthetic antibody frag

In the last three decades, extensive research on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has highlighted its capability to exploit a variety of strategies to enter and infect immune cells. Although CD4+ T cells are well known as the major HIV target, with infection occurring through the canonical combination of the cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) receptor and either the C-C chemokine receptor type 5