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States have discretion what concrete measures to undertake to fulfil their primary positive obligations under the ECHR. If a violation of these obligations is found, states also have discretion how to execute the judgment to comply with their secondary obligations. Yet, when the Court reasons to reach a conclusion whether there has been a violation, it necessarily specifies possible concrete measu
The pending ecological crisis has ushered in a need to rethink how electricity is produced and consumed, which in turn will require new ways of maintaining system balance. One solution that has gained traction over the past decade is the idea of user flexibility. User flexibility is by some deemed integral to the transition towards a low-carbon society and to the decarbonization agenda, and its inThe pending ecological crisis has ushered in a need to rethink how electricity is produced andconsumed, which in turn will require new ways of maintaining system balance. One solution that hasgained traction over the past decade is the idea of user flexibility. User flexibility is by some deemedintegral to the transition towards a low-carbon society and to the decarbonization agenda, and itsintegr
Regular physical activity (PA) and limited sedentary time (SED) are highly recommended in international guidelines for patients after a myocardial infarction (MI). Data on PA and SED are often self-reported in clinical practice and, hence, reliable and valid questionnaires are crucial. This study aimed to assess the test–retest reliability, criterion validity and agreement of two PA and one SED qu
Children continue to experience harm when undergoing clinical procedures despite increased evidence of the need to improve the provision of child-centred care. The international ISupport collaboration aimed to develop standards to outline and explain good procedural practice and the rights of children within the context of a clinical procedure. The rights-based standards for children undergoing te
If human behavior is to become more sustainable, people will have to be willing to sacrifice personal gains and benefits for the sake of sustainability. Decisions will have to involve making tradeoffs between what is good for the self and what is good for sustainability. In the present paper, we studied the psychology of such tradeoffs in the context of a carbon dioxide (CO2) emission versus trave
A search for pair-produced scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying into quarks and leptons of different generations is presented. It uses the full LHC Run 2 (2015–2018) data set of 139 fb−1 collected with the ATLAS detector in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV. Scalar leptoquarks with charge −(1/3)e as well as scalar and vector leptoquarks with charge +(2/3)e are con
At the emergency department (ED), it is important to quickly and accurately determine which patients are likely to have a major adverse cardiac event (MACE). Machine learning (ML) models can be used to aid physicians in detecting MACE, and improving the performance of such models is an active area of research. In this study, we sought to determine if ML models can be improved by including a prior
This paper quantitatively analyzes the importance of taste versus health in food demand, as well as the effect on consumers’ experienced taste of the non-intrinsic value of healthy labels. Our analysis is based on taste experiments and Vickrey second price auctions on potato chips and bread. Our findings imply a large positive effect on demand for potato chips from higher taste scores: when consum
Water is a finite resource and should be given the attention it deserves to reduce its depletion through leakages in pipe systems. The authors implemented pressure management strategies linked to fixed and variable discharge (FAVAD), the burst and background estimate (BABE), and orifice principle methodologies to analyze a two-phased comparative method for applying optimal pressure management and
This article examines two Swedish TV theater plays from the late 1960s and early 1970s, which both portray the experience of waiting for an abortion. In the early 1960s, a major debate on abortion started in Sweden, which resulted in the creation of a public inquiry into the matter in 1965 and eventually the introduction of abortion on demand in 1975. In the period between 1965 and 1975, attitudes
There is an urgent need for improved respiratory surveillance of preterm infants. Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) is emerging as a potential clinical cutaneous monitoring tool of lung functions in neonates. A challenge in the clinical translation of GASMAS is to obtain sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratios in the measurements, since the light attenuation is high in huma
In September 2019, the third Global Climate Strike organized by the Fridays For Future (FFF) protest campaign mobilized 6000 protest events in 185 countries and brought 7.6 million participants out onto the streets. This report analyses survey data about participants from 19 cities around the world and compares it to data from an international survey conducted in 13 European cities in March 2019.
This article examines a case study of international Communist propaganda during the Cold War. The Institute of Historical and Socio-Political Research (ISISP), a historical propaganda organization affiliated to the Romanian Communist Party (RCP), succeeded in penetrating the Iron Curtain by distributing its works through a social network provided by the Italian Liberation Movement Institute, and i
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a central role in the vertebrate adaptive immune system and has been of long-term interest in evolutionary biology. While several protocols have been developed for MHC genotyping, there is a lack of transparent and standardized tools for downstream analysis of MHC data. Here, we present the r package mhctools and demonstrate the use of its functions
Background and Goal of StudyWe aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a mobile system using off-the-shelf components, torecord and review simulations and debriefings in four separate rooms during standardized simulation courses at multiple centres in Sweden. Ourrequirements were: high quality sound and video; easy to install, use and demount; suitable for transport by courier; no requirement to
Study region: Lake Vänern, the largest lake in the European Union, located in Sweden. Study focus: The study aimed to develop a spatially complete and temporally continuous lake surface water temperature (LSWT) dataset by fusing satellite remote sensing data with reanalysis products. Five satellite-derived LSWT products, including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), were eva
To further understand the inter-relationship of the familial transmission of major depression (MD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), we examine, via a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, risks for AUD and MD in 1,244,516 individuals born in Sweden from 1970 to 1990 to intact mother-father pairs as a function of parental diagnoses of MD and/or AUD. Across the nine possible mating types, we
