Sökresultat

Importance: CD11b + immune cells have been implicated in the formation of choroidal neovascularization in experimental studies on animals and disease-association studies on humans. However, the clinical importance of such obser

Chemicals in the environment occur in mixtures rather than as individual entities. Environmental quality monitoring thus faces the challenge to comprehensively assess a multitude of contaminants and potential adverse effects. Effect-based methods have been suggested as complements to chemical analytical characterisation of complex pollution patterns. The regularly observed discrepancy between chem

Popular Abstract in Swedish Så gott som alla djur i naturen utgör ett potentiellt byte för rovdjur. Bokstavligt talat är det därför livsviktigt att försöka undvika att bli upptäckt och fångad av sina naturliga fiender. Då olika arter exponeras för olika typer av rovdjur (predatorer) är det kanske inte så konstigt att det finns en enorm variation av försvarsstrategier i naturen. Mer förvånande är kPredation imposes a potent evolutionary force on prey, moulding the evolution of traits and diversification of species, and can furthermore have powerful ecological consequences. We know that different species vary in how they cope with their natural enemies, and, consequently, a huge range of anti-predator defences are displayed in nature. Yet there is a growing recognition that, if we zoom into

Popular Abstract in Swedish För att vi ska kunna lösa globala problem som miljöförstöring och fattigdom är det många som menar att den privata sektorn måste involveras på ett aktivt sätt. I den här avhandlingen, som består av en introduktion och fem vetenskapliga artiklar som tidigare publicerats i internationella tidskrifter, studeras ett exempel på hur privata aktörer faktiskt redan involverats It is commonly argued that the private sector needs to become actively involved for society to stand a chance of solving the most pressing global problems. This thesis, consisting of five articles previously published in refereed journals and an introductory essay, studies one case of private actor participation in global environmental governance: the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (

This thesis studies the efforts made by society to achieve more efficient energy use in order to better utilise resources and lessen the stress on the environment. Despite the value to society promised by more efficient energy use, too few attempts are made at realising this value. One instrument available to governments in their efforts to stimulate efficiency schemes, is to encourage energy comp

The thesis comprises an analysis of the heat transfer phenomenon in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and a description of various transport phenomena in a solid oxide electrolysis cell. Both devices are encompassed under the solid oxide electrochemical cell concept. Moreover, a CFD model of an SOEC was developed to study the behavior of the cell under different conditions of operating and structural

The procurement process can be defined as all the activities required in getting a product or a service from the supplier to a final destination. It encompasses the purchasing function, storing, transportation and manages the relations between suppliers and internal customers. It is a cyclical process involving the following activities: analysis, planning, implementation, and measurement. The perf

Klimatet har varit relativt stabilt under den nuvarande interglaciala epoken (Holocen) som inleddes för ungefär 11 700 år sedan. Genom klimatrekonstruktioner från olika geologiska arkiv såsom iskärnor, sjösediment och torvmossar har det ändå påvisats att snabba förändringar i klimatet har inträffat under denna epok. En sådan tidsperiod inträffade för omkring 2800 år sedan och den är intressant ur Geological archives have shown periods of abrupt climate change in the relatively stable Holocene epoch (last ca. 11 700 years). One of these periods was around 2800 cal BP. Several records, mainly from Europe, reveal a shift towards wetter, cooler and windier conditions. There are, however, indications for a global extent of the climate change. The climate change coincides with a distinct increas

Critics maintain that there are a number of troublesome issues resulting from the construction sector’s way of operating and that these remain, despite widespread criticism and measures designed to change all of this. The construction sector’s and the critics’ manner of describing these problems fails to a large extent to take into consideration the way people function in connection with practical

A »manly» Queen with »feminine» charm. Gender perspectives. Existential biography does not so much search for a logical development in a person’s life as for the opportunities to shape and choose between different paths. Instead of using identities, which are often ambiguous in the extreme, I follow the Swedish historian Henrik Rosengren in his use of different cultural identifications that toget

Popular Abstract in Swedish Inom forskningsområdet biogeokemi studerar man hur naturens olika grundämnen, såsom kol, kväve, fosfor och kisel ändrar form och transporteras genom landskapet för att via bäckar och vattendrag till slut nå havet. Tillsammans beskriver dessa olika processer, som sker på olika tidsskalor, från sekunder till flera miljoner år, ett grundämnes kretslopp (eller biogeokemiskaSilicon is the next most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and its biogeochemical cycle is linked with that of carbon. Further, silicon is a beneficial nutrient for plants in terrestrial ecosystems and a key nutrient for diatoms in aquatic ecosystems. During the last decade the important role of terrestrial vegetation in controlling Si fluxes downstream aquatic environments, via incorporation

Between the nation and the surrounding world - Debate in Sweden regarding the organisation and financing of research and its international and national aspects during the first half of the twentieth century My thesis regards the attitude of the Swedish research society to research as a national and an international phenomenon during the period 1900-1950. My work relates to the question in which w

Svensk skattskyldighet delas upp i begränsad respektive obegränsad skattskyldighet. Obegränsat skattskyldig är den som enligt 3 kap. 3 § IL är bosatt, stadigvarande vistandes eller väsentligt anknuten till Sverige. Huruvida en person är väsentligt anknuten till Sverige eller ej fastställs genom en samlad bedömning av en rad anknytningsfaktorer, 3 kap. 7 § 1 st. IL, varav den ekonomiska som i dennaSwedish tax liability is divided into two different tax subjects, limited and unlimited tax residents. An unlimited tax resident is the one who, according to the provisions in the third paragraph in the third chapter of the Swedish income tax act, is resident, permanently staying or have a substantial connection to Sweden. Whether a person have a substantial connection to Sweden or not is determin

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Småvatten i form av dammar och våtmarker har en viktig funktion i både den terrestra och akvatiska miljön. De fungerar till exempel som buffert för näringsämnen från att flöda ut i havet och dem ökar den biologiska mångfalden bland växter och djur. De flesta antropogena småvattnen har sitt ursprung från 1800-talet och 1900-talets början, då näringsrik märgelleraSmall water bodies in the shape of ponds and wetlands have an important function in both the terrestrial and the aquatic environment. They serve as a buffer to prevent rash out-flow of nutrients into the oceans and they maintain biological diversity for plants and animals. Most anthropogenic small waters originated in the 19th century and beginning of 20th century. During this time, good fertilizi

The market freedoms of the EC Treaty first of all commit the Member States not to erect hindrances to the internal market. Obstacles to the free movement of goods and the other market freedoms may also originate from other authors than the Member States. Individuals may hamper the functioning of the internal market, and even the European Community itself might pass legislation affecting the market

This paper seeks to assess the legality of multiple convictions of different offences based on the same set of facts at the International Criminal Court, in particular genocide and persecution as a crime against humanity. The situations in which these crimes ordinarily take place are such that one is rarely dealing with a single offence, but a multitude of offences. The events that took place duri

Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, which take place at particle accelerators like the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), are known to produce a strongly-interacting, fluid-like state of matter referred to as the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Despite the medium’s short lifetime of approximately 10-23 s, its presence is known to influence particle p

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Planera dagsutflykten och upplev mer av Island. Island med sina aktiva vulkaner och stora glaciärer är ett populärt turistmål och antalet turister ökar år från år. Flertalet av de 350 000 utländska turister som årligen besöker Island anländer med flyg till huvudstaden Reykjavik. Från huvudstaden anordnas dagsutflykter genom en rad olika researrangörer. Man kan äIceland with its active volcanoes and big glaciers is a popular place for tourists and the number of tourists increases yearly. The majority of the 350 000 foreign tourists that visit Iceland each year arrive by plane to the capital city Reykjavik. Many different tour operators arrange day tours from the city. One can also plan day tours oneself and use a rental car. Increasing numbers of tourists

Abstract Ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen are four widelyused anti-inflammatory drugsthat areproduced in several kilotons each year.They end up in natural water recipients which couldvary inpH from around 6.0 to 9.0. Bearing in mind that most of thesepharmaceuticals are weak acids and therefore dissociates in different degree depending on surroundingpH and the chemical’s pKa, we ca

Abstract I examined the evolutionary dynamics of melanic wing colouration in male and female calopterygid damselflies. I use phylogenetic analysis and ancestral state reconstructions to show that male wing pigmentation in this family evolved from clear-winged ancestors, and present evidence that wing pigmentation in male damselflies is significantly correlated (independent of phylogeny) with temp