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The most common thermally insulated packaging used today is plastic-based and customer behavior towards plastic materials has changed rapidly in recent years. The Meal Kit Industry has a particular need for insulated packaging/cool pouch (CP) and is looking to shift from plastic materials to more paper-based ones. Unfortunately, paper-based insulated packaging hasn’t been completely developed in t
Korslimmat trä, KL-trä, är ett förhållandevis nytt byggnadsmaterial i byggbranschen. Det består av ett udda antal skikt av lameller av konstruktionsvirke, där varje skikt av lameller ligger roterade 90 grader i förhållande till intilliggande skikt. Materialet används både i den bärande stommen och som stomkomplettering i form av exempelvis trappor. Idag finns endast en etablerad tillverkare på dCross-laminated timber, CLT, is a rather new building material. It consists of an odd number of layers consisting of lumber boards stacked together, where each layer is rotated 90 degrees in comparison to the adjacent layers. The material is used both as a load-carrying element as well as a non-load-carrying element, such as stairs. Today there is only one established producer of CLT in Sweden. D
As the automation of industrial systems is becoming more and more complex, new methods are needed to further boost efficiency. Machine learning is a method where a computer learns to recognize complex patterns using large amounts of real-world data. The focus of this work is to leverage real-world industrial data from a sawmill to optimize one of the machines, the unscramblers. The unscrambler se
Portfolio optimization is a central problem in finance, with traditional approaches of- ten relying on forecasts of expected returns and covariances. With the growing adoption of machine learning in finance, return forecasting using ML techniques has become in- creasingly common. More recently, an alternative approach has been proposed where the portfolio weights are learned directly, bypassing th
The Swedish healthcare system is facing a substantial challenge in competence provision, with skilled staff needed in both the private and public sectors. The Swedish government is investing heavily in initiatives and mapping projects aimed at securing future competence supply. This study aims to identify which factors have the greatest impact on healthcare employees' decisions to either leav
Amidst a surge in global demand for materials driving the green transition, this thesis investigates how policymakers can best ensure sound environmental performance in the Swedish mining industry following unexpected mine closures. Current Swedish financial assurance mechanisms, intended to operationalize the Polluter Pays Principle, are hampered by unclear criteria and a focus on individual site
I dagens digitaliserade samhälle har konsumentinformation en central betydelse för kommersiell verksamhet. Genom insamling och analys av sådan information kommer företag sina konsumenter nära, och kan anpassa erbjudanden och interaktioner efter deras unika vanor och personlighetsdrag. En särskilt viktig teknik för informationsbehandlingen är digital profilering. Digital profilering kommer med månIn today’s digitalized society, consumer information plays a key role in commercial practices. Through the collection and analysis of such information, businesses come closer to their consumers than ever before, and are able to tailor offers and interactions to the unique habits and personality traits of individuals. A particularly important technique for the processing of this information is digi
Influencer marketing är en växande marknadsföringsform och med den uppstår nya skatterättsliga utmaningar. Skatteverket har uppmärksammat osäkerhet och bristande efterlevnad bland influencers kring beskattning av mottagna produkter. Skatteverket har den 17 april 2025 i ett pressmeddelande informerat om att influencers kan behöva deklarera. I denna uppsats undersöks hur produkter som skickas till iInfluencer marketing is a growing form of marketing and with it new tax law challenges arise. The Swedish Tax Agency has drawn attention to uncertainty and lack of compliance among influencers regarding taxation of products received. On April 17, 2025, The Swedish Tax Agency issued a press release stating that influencers may need to declare. This thesis examines how products sent to influencers w
This thesis examines the 14 largest listed Swedish real estate companies on the Nasdaq Stockholm Large Cap segment as investment objects between 2006 and 2026. It analyzes their risk and return characteristics, identifies shared traits among the strongest performers, and tests whether an optimized portfolio of real estate shares can outperform both the sector index and the broader market on a ris
The purpose of this essay was to investigate the opinions of young people, age 14-16, at a school in a middle-sized city in Sweden, concerning narcotics. The questions we asked ourselves were; -What are young peoples' ideas of narcotics? -What do young people imagine when they think of a drug addict? -What reasons do young people give to start using narcotics? -What gender-related opinions
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Naturbetesmarkerna minskade med 86,7% från 1927 till 1990. Denna minskning är alarmerande eftersom många idag hotade och sällsynta arter är beroende av dessa. En stor del av anledningen till detta är att staten ända in på 1980-talet i sin rådgivning danade för att dessa marker antingen skulle bearbetas med konstgödsel och ogräsbekämpning eller planteras med trädThe rural landscape of Sweden has changed rapidly during the 20:th century. Measurements from 1927 compared to those from 1990 show that the area of non managed pasture in Sweden has declined by 86.7 %. Since a lot of threatened and rare species are dependent of this kind of land, these figures are alarming. During the last 30-40 years non managed pasture has declined due to abandonment, tree plan
The aim of this study is to analyze the change of Basque nationalism during the last ten years and discuss how the main nationalist party (PNV) tries to impose "we"- feelings and support for its cause. Theories of nationalism and national identity are used in the analysis. A textual analysis of PNV:s unofficial documents is discussed and compared with a discourse analysis of its officia
The current curriculum requires a well functioning school library and an active use of it. In junior school grades 1-3 the children primarily learn basic skills. Knowledge about libraries and how to use them and different media is part of these skills. Therefore my intention was to investigate how school libraries in junior schools look, how they are used in the training and how they could be used
En av de stora utmaningarna inom den internationella handelsrätten idag är hur man ska kunna förbättra situationen för utvecklingsländer inom den internationella handeln. Denna uppsats belyser specifika undantagsregler, inom WTO-rätten, som har till ändamål att öka utvecklingsländers möjligheter att delta i den internationella handeln. Industriländer tilldelar utvecklingsländer, i enlighet med WTOOne of the current challenges within the field of international trade law is how to meet the special needs of developing countries and how to a greater extent include these countries in the world trading system. This thesis examines a particular set of exception rules that exist on behalf of developing countries. Developing countries are, in accordance with WTO law, granted different tariff prefer
I 24 kap. 10 § a-e IL regleras begränsningen i avdragsrätten för ränta på vissa koncerninterna skulder. Reglerna framarbetades i samband med de av Skatteverkets konstaterade skatteflyktsförfaranden som skedde i anslutning till avdrag för koncerninterna ränteutgifter. Skatteverket har försökt att komma åt transaktionerna genom att tillämpa skatteflyktslagen men har inte haft framgång eftersom skattThe Income Tax Act Chapter 24 Section 10 a-e deals with restrictions of interest deductions for certain dividends. The regulations were worked out in connection with the established tax evasion procedures that occurred together with deductions for intergroup interest expenses. The Swedish Tax Agency has attempted to get hold of the transactions by applying the Law Against Tax Evasion, but have not
Men’s violence against women was for a long time considered a private family matter, but is today defined as a widely spread social problem. Researchers, activists and professionals may differ in details about the problem but agrees on one major point; education is the greatest weapon in fighting it. All the professional groups that on some point come in contact with women and men who live in viol
Swedish labor law is essentially based on the notion that the social partners will regulate working conditions. In view of this, a special practice on unfairness assessments of collective agreements has emerged. It is felt that collective agreements should be more difficult to amend in Court than other types of agreements. Since 1995 however, Sweden is obliged to apply EU law, and not to take acti
In February 2009, ST‐Ericsson was formed as a joint venture bringing Ericsson Mobile Platforms and ST‐NXP Wireless together, creating an industry leader in development and design of wireless semiconductor components and platforms. The new company became one of the top players in wireless semiconductors. During the integration, purchasing of indirect material at ST‐Ericsson was outsourced to an out
Binary stars form from the same parent molecular cloud and thus have the same chemical composition. Forming planets take building material (solids) away from the surrounding protoplanetary disc. Assuming that the disc's accretion on to the star is the main process that clears the disc, the atmosphere of the star will show abundance reductions caused by the material accreted by the forming planet(s
In the last decade, organoid technology has filled the gap generated by the poor accessibility and unique features of the human brain. Organoids present several advantages in comparison with two-dimensional culturing, since they recapitulate cytoarchitecture in space and functionality of the tissue. Therefore, they mimic the unique features of human brain better than animal models. Although signif
