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OBJECTIVES: To investigate birth weight and fetal growth in female hairdressers, while controlling for intergenerational effects and effects related to childhood exposures. METHODS: A cohort of women who had attended vocational schools for hairdressers were compared to their sisters with respect to birth weight and fetal growth (measured as small or large for gestational age, SGA and LGA, respecti
Nasal speech sounds occur in most of the languages of the world. Two goals concerning nasalisation in speech were pursued in the studies presented in this volume. One deals with the development and testing of a method for recording nasal vibration with an accelerometer microphone attached to the outer part of the nose, and analysing the signal with the help of a wide band spectrogram. The other ai
The rheology of dense granular shear flows is influenced by friction and particle shape. We investigate numerically the impact of nonspherical particle geometries under shear on packing fraction, stress ratios, velocity fluctuations, force distribution, and dissipation mechanisms, for a wide range of inertial numbers, friction coefficients and aspect ratios. We obtain a regime diagram for the diss
To meet future demands for cleaner water and comply with the revised Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD), many European wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) will need quaternary treatment to reduce emissions of organic micropollutants (OMPs). Quaternary treatment based on granular activated carbon (GAC) is a promising solution, yet long-term, full-scale operational data remain scarce. This
Wages earned by men are often used as an indicator of the material standard of living (MSoL). However, this indicator relies on several assumptions when used for comparisons across time and space. Considering these assumptions will improve estimates of the MSoL from wages. One necessary assumption is that households in the compared populations relied on the primary income of the male head of house
Jerome of Stridon was one of the most important biblical exegetes in early Christianity. Analyzing letters as well as prefaces to biblical commentaries written by Jerome, this article discusses four criteria which he considered to be necessary for orthodox exegesis to take place: 1) education and learning; 2) studying the Scriptures as part of an ascetic lifestyle; 3) divine help; and 4) learning
An animal possessing reversal learning ability is capable of unlearning a previously learnt association between a stimulus and a reward and learning a new contingency. It is a form of behavioural flexibility, which can be advantageous in changing environments. Serial reversal learning occurs when an animal's performance improves over repeated reversals of contingencies. In this study, we tested th
Focusing new teacher students has at least two different implications. The students are new in the meaning of being first term students. Analyses of the recruitment to teacher education show that the new students have other social characteristics than before. During the last two decades fewer students from academic families and fewer students with high degrees from upper secondary school have ent
This thesis describes interactions that are salt-promoted and mainly based on the hydrophobicity of proteins. A series of variants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was first constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. Several tags with various properties were then genetically fused to the N-terminus of GFP. The protein variants constructed had small characteristic differences in hydrophobicity
This licentiate thesis is a monography complemented with one published article: “Interactive Design – the desire for autonomous upright mobility: A longitudinal case study, Technology and Disability 19 (2007) 213-224”. My hope is that the combination of the monographic part (with its phenomenological tone, personified and situated), and the more unbarked “Technology and Disability” article (with i
Batch management systems are traditionally composed of two subparts, one assuring the creation and configuration of the recipes, and the other assuring the execution of the recipes, i.e., driving the equipments to make a product. By reducing the total time needed for producing a product, the market can be reached quicker and more money can (hopefully) be earned. Time to market is an important key
We demonstrate a novel nonintrusive technique based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy to investigate human sinuses in vivo. The technique relies on the fact that free gases have spectral imprints that are about 10.000 times sharper than spectral structures of the surrounding tissue. Two gases are detected; molecular oxygen at 760 nm and water vapor at 935 nm. Light is launched fiber o
Consumers want innovations that fulfil present and future needs and to be delighted! Hence the main objective of an innovation is to create value for the consumer/customer by a product, process, service or combinations, but is also important for manufacturers, suppliers and society, to promote growth, create new markets, answer new needs etc. The retailers now have the power in the supply - and va
Consumers want innovations that fulfil present and future needs and to be delighted! Hence the main objective of an innovation is to create value for the consumer/customer by a product, process, service or combinations, but is also important for manufacturers, suppliers and society, to promote growth, create new markets, answer new needs etc. The retailers now have the power in the supply - and va
Several biological aspects of vanadium are known and even though it has not been proven to be an essential metal for humans, it might have implication as a drug against the disease diabetes mellitus. However, undesired side effect as a result of the toxicity of vanadium must be reduced. Studies have shown that the toxicity is decreased by coordination of the metal to organic ligands. This thesis p
Mechanical function of articular cartilage in joints between articulating bones is dependent on the composition and structure of the tissue. The mechanical properties of articular cartilage are traditionally tested in compression using one of the three loading geometries, i.e., confined compression, unconfined compression or indentation. The aim of this study was to utilize a composition-based fin
Few initiatives to preserve and enhance biodiversity on farmland have been as thoroughly evaluated and debated as the agri-environment schemes (AES). Yet, little is known how confounding factors co-varying with the specific AES measures may affect species responses. Here, we quantify the influence of one such factor, the time since transition to organic farming, on moth diversity patterns. We foun
Case studies are largely used for investigating software engineering practices. They are characterized by their flexible nature, multiple forms of data collection, and are mostly informed by qualitative data. Synthesis of case studies is necessary to build a body of knowledge from individual cases. There are many methods for such synthesis, but they are yet not well explored in software engineerin
The two major forms of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide found in plaques in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, Aβ40 and Aβ42, only differ by two amino acids in the C-terminal region, yet they display markedly different aggregation behavior. The origins of these differences have remained challenging to connect to specific molecular-level processes underlying the aggregation reaction. In this
Self-pressurization in a cylindrical ribbed tank which is partially filled with liquid hydrogen is investigated numerically under different rib spacing-to-height ratios. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is employed as well as a phase change model. Appropriate models are incorporated into the Ansys Fluent by the user-defined functions to carry out the computations. The ribbed surface is modeled as
