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Genom att tolka primärrätten har EU-domstolen fastställt att varje person som drabbats av skada till följd av företags överträdelser av EU:s antitrustregler (s.k. konkurrensskada) har en rätt att söka ersättning för sådan skada. Utformningen av hur rätten ska säkerställas har länge legat på EU:s medlemsländers bord. Under 2005 tog EU-lagstiftaren de första initiativen till att skapa ett harmoniserBy interpretation of the antitrust rules in the EU primary law the ECJ has determined that any person who has suffered loss due to a breach of the those rules have the right to seek damages. For a long time it was up to the member states to make sure that this right was sufficiently protected. In 2005 the EU legislator began a harmonization initiative for this right. In the preparatory acts it was

There are 64 districts in Bangladesh and three of these districts make up the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). The majority of the population of the CHT, which consists of the indigenous peoples, is culturally and socially different from that of the rest of the country. In spite of these variations, the indigenous population of Bangladesh holds a national identity since they have been living here for

This master thesis is a study of how three public libraries in Scania approach refugees in 2015: Helsingborg, Lund and Malmö’s public library. The Swedish Library Act states that public libraries should be available to and usable by all people. The purpose of this research is to find out to which degree public libraries have the possibilities to fulfill this Act, in terms of their organizational s

Det här examensarbetet utvecklar ett koncept för infästning av fenor på jetboards som inte intränger på befintliga patent. Det resulterande konceptet medför handlingsfrihet (FTO) och följaktligen tillåter produktion av fenor med originell design. FTO innebär möjligheten till att producera och sälja en produkt utan rättsligt ansvar gentemot ägare av patent. Examensarbetet presenterar och diskuterarThis master thesis generates a concept for the means of attaching fins onto jetboards without infringing on existing patents. The resulting concept establishes freedom to operate (FTO) and enables production of fins with original designs. FTO meaning the possibility of producing and selling a product without legal liability to any patent holders. The thesis further presents and discusses user need

The energy use in the building sector is increasing rapidly which contributes to the rise in global greenhouse gas concentration. Energy-efficient buildings are considered as healthy buildings due to the improved air quality and comfortable indoor environment. One million residential buildings were built in Sweden during 1965 and 1975 to minimize the acute housing shortage. This initiative was tak

When founding the modern human rights protection, the UN did to a great extent have focus on protecting men and men’s rights, even though one of the core principles of human rights is their universality. Over the past few decades work has been done to include women’s perspectives in the human rights protection. The UN has chosen a dual strategy, where women’s rights are both protected in gender-sp

This work focuses on the southern part of Sollentuna municipality and the adjacent suburbs of Kista, Husby and Akalla located in the northernmost part of Stockholm municipality, which henceforth will be referred to as “Kista”. The urban core of Sollentuna/Kista is strategically located both close to Stockholm but also along the north going road towards both Arlanda airport and Swedens fourth city

I dagens affärsliv, med anledning av att ingåendet av ett avtal ska löpa så smidigt som möjligt, har det utvecklats olika typer av förhandlingsinstrument. Ett sådan instrument är ett s.k. letter of intent. Genom ett letter of intent kan parterna i det prekontraktuella skedet manifestera sin avsikt om att i framtiden ingå avtal. Syftet med ett letter of intent kan sägas vara att på ett ändamålsenliIn today's business world, to ensure that the conclusion of the agreement runs as smoothly as possible, various types of negotiation instruments have been developed. One such instrument is a letter of intent. Through a letter of intent, the parties can manifest their intention to enter into agreements in the future at the pre-contractual stage. The purpose of a letter of intent can be said to

Fysiskt och psykiskt våld förekommer i många hem i Sverige. Allt för många barn växer upp med att få se, höra och uppleva detta våld. Under de senaste åren har forskning tydligt visat att barn som bevittnat våld inom familjen påverkas väldigt negativt. De känner ofta en känsla av maktlöshet, övergivenhet och skam. För att stärka barnets rättsliga ställning har det tidigare införts en straffskärpnPhysical and psychological violence exist in many homes in Sweden. Far too many children have grown up with witnessing, hearing and experience the violence. In recent years research has shown that children who witness violence within the family gets profoundly affected. They often feel a sense of powerlessness, abandonment, and shame. To strengthen the legal position of the child, a basis for aggr

Denna uppsats har som syfte att klargöra den aktuella omfattningen av koncernavdragsrätten inom EU såsom den formulerats i Marks & Spencer med beaktande av senare års praxis, i synnerhet det viktiga målet Kommissionen mot Förenade kungariket. Doktrinen om slutliga förluster kan ses ha blivit striktare under de senaste årens rättsutveckling, till stor del på grund av att EU-domstolen uttalat atThis essay aims to clarify the current scope of cross-border loss-relief between subsidiaries in the EU by examining the Marks & Spencer-case, along with its following case law up to the most recent cases by the ECJ, in particular Commission v UK. The final losses-doctrine seems to become stricter in later years, much due to the ECJ concluding that member states cannot be expected to account f

Syftet med denna framställning är att, mot bakgrund av att arvsrätt existerar inom äktenskap, undersöka om sambors avsaknad av arvsrätt är motiverad samt att diskutera sambors efterlevandeskydd de lege ferenda. För att uppnå syftet undersöks efterlevandeskyddet för sambor respektive makar, hur efterlevandeskyddet för sambor kan stärkas, hur sambors avsaknad av arvsrätt är motiverad och till sist hThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether or not it is justifiable that cohabiting partners don’t inherit from each other, given that married couples do. Furthermore, I am going to discuss cohabiting partners’ provision for surviving lex ferenda. Towards this purpose I will look into current survivorship legislation that affects cohabiting partners as well as married couples, how it can

In order to halt current resource depletion and minimise environmental destruction, we need to reduce our dependency on virgin raw materials. There is a growing political consensus in the EU that we have to move away from our current linear economic system to one that is based on closing material loops, a circular economy. There is therefore a great need for new business models based on for exampl

Among cast materials, grey cast iron and ductile iron makes up about three quarters of all cast parts. This makes the manufacturing and machining of grey cast iron an important economical factor for the automotive industry. In a world with finite resources and growing concerns for the environment the importance and interest in recycling grows larger. This has led the Volvo Trucks Corporation to u

In this thesis work, experiments have been carried out to study the behavior of radio frequency power amplifier which is the one of the largest power consumers in a user equipment which is a mobile phone in this case. A CMW-500 which is a Rohde and Schwarz equipment has been used to emulate the base station. A user equipment has been chosen that operates in accordance with cat12 LTE. The input pat

Antibodies have for long time dominated the field of affinity proteins in example imaging and therapeutics, due to their high specificity and affinity. However, they have some major drawbacks such as high molecular weight, complex structure leading to instability and high production cost. Therefore, other types of affinity proteins have been engineered, for example the Affibody molecule which is a

The raw material tier in companies’ supply chains can be a hotspot for sustainability issues like deforestation and resulting legal, reputational, financial and operational risks – yet companies’ supply chain management efforts as well as research on sustainable supply chain management still focus on direct suppliers due to poor upstream transparency. With technical progress, remote sensing and sa

On a daily basis, abdominal examinations with x-ray imaging are run at hospitals for diagnosis of abdominal diseases. To enable doctors to visualize organs and tissues on an x-ray image with colors based on the radiodensity, the patient needs to drink an oral contrast that fills up the digestive system. Current filling agents have a radiodensity similar to that of organs and tissues which makes th

Några utav de vanligaste orsakerna till att en brand uppkom mellan 2010 och 2020 var ”bränder som medvetet startades” samt ”bränder som startats av gnistor vid tågbromsning”. Av den totala mängden bränder som uppkom stod tågbromsning för cirka 1.1 % av dem och den anledning som stod för absolut störst andel bränder var ”bränder startade utav okänd anledning” vilket stod för 43%. KlimatförändringaForest fires can start in a variety of ways. "Fires started deliberately" and "fires started by sparks generated from a train braking" were two of the most common causes of fires between 2010 and 2020. Train braking accounted for 1.1% of all fires, whereas fires created by unknown reasons accounted for 43% of all fires. The climate is expected to change in the future, and sinc