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Popular Abstract in Swedish Kroniskt Obstruktiv Lungsjukdom (KOL) är idag världens fjärde vanligaste dödsorsak vars dödlighetsfrekvens ökar. KOL är en lungsjukdom som nästan alltid beror på rökning och i hela världen är cirka 600 miljoner människor drabbade av sjukdomen. Detta gör KOL till världens vanligaste kroniska sjukdom. I Sverige beräknas sjukvårdskostnaderna för KOL att uppgå till ca 9,1 mProteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from smokers at risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and never smokers is described. COPD is currently the world's fourth leading cause of death and its prevalence is increasing. The leading cause of COPD is smoking and an estimated 600 million people in the world suffer from COPD which makes it the world's most co

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, many hypertensive persons remain healthy. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether adaptation in a stressful situation was associated with the incidence of stroke in hypertensive men. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-eight hypertensive men were followed from baseline in 1982/1983 until first stroke, death, or De

All member countries in the EU must follow the given directive for public procurement that has been decided upon. The purpose of the directive is to ensure a sufficient public procurement and a sound use of public resources. However, knowledge about the implementation and effects of the directive is limited. One clear indication is that the effects vary between different countries in the EU. A pre

Making the diagnosis fatal intoxication is a challenging task for the forensic pathologist and toxicologist, particularly when the cases involve substances where reference information is scarce or not at all available. This study presents postmortem femoral blood concentrations for 24 antipsychotic substances, based on samples collected and analyzed from 4949 autopsy cases in Sweden during 1992-20

BACKGROUND: Varus osteotomy of the proximal femur (VOPF) is one treatment option to prevent hip dislocation in children with cerebral palsy (CP). It is questioned whether the osteotomy should be performed in the displaced hip only, or if it should be performed bilaterally to prevent later displacement of the contralateral hip. CPUP is a register and healthcare programme for children with CP that w

Soft tissue tumors are highly heterogeneous with more than 100 subtypes. The chapter describes a large number of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumor entities. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARMS) and embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas (ERMS) show largely similar patterns of genomic imbalances, although most of them occur at higher frequencies among the latter. The chromosome numbers of 70 undifferentiated pl

The performance of the jet trigger for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during the 2011 data taking period is described. During 2011 the LHC provided proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and heavy ion collisions with a 2.76 TeV per nucleon–nucleon collision energy. The ATLAS trigger is a three level system designed to reduce the rate of events from the 40 MHz nominal maximum

Symptoms or signs of peripheral artery disease (PAD) can be observed in up to 50% of the patients with a diabetic foot ulcer and is a risk factor for poor healing and amputation. In 2012 a multidisciplinary working group of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot published a systematic review on the effectiveness of revascularization of the ulcerated foot in patients with diabetes and

PURPOSE: To prospectively register and report the hand function and occupational performance of patients with proximal interphalangeal joint-pyrocarbon arthroplasty, using both objective tests and subjective outcome instruments. METHODS: From 2004 to 2008, 53 joints in 43 patients were reconstructed with a proximal interphalangeal joint-pyrocarbon prosthesis. The patients underwent a rehabilitatio

Microchromatographic separations of polar aromatic compounds (pyridine, 4-pyridylmethanol, 4-methoxyphenol, 2-naphthol, catechol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene) using continuous beds are described. The columns were prepared by a simple one-step in situ polymerization procedure: a solution of acrylic monomers, including the cross-linking agent piperazine diacrylamide, was polym

In several large recent observational studies, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was present in up to 50% of the patients with a diabetic foot ulcer and was an independent risk factor for amputation. The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot therefore established a multidisciplinary working group to evaluate the effectiveness of revascularization of the ulcerated foot in patients with d

Objective: Case management has since the 1970s been widely used to co-ordinate services for mental health patients. The methodology has expanded to support patients in many different types of conditions. This study is one of very few randomized trials on case management in a European setting. It examined the impact of case management on substance abuse and use of service after discharge from cour

The aim of this report was to investigate the prominence effect as an underlying reason for saved-lives insensitivity in moral decision-making. Saved-lives insensitivity, the tendency to help fewer rather than more victims, causes unnecessary suffering. Why this tendency occurs is still unknown, but the prediction of this study was that the prominence effect is an underlying mechanism. The promine

Habitat fragmentation is a common problem in relation with road infrastructure which leads to mortality, isolation of animal populations, and has a negative effect on biodiversity. Animal crossings have been implemented in many countries and are a useful tool to mitigate these problems but they are expensive to build. This thesis explores the methodological approaches used to evaluate how wildlife

High tide flooding (HTF) is becoming more common in coastal regions of the United States, although this phenomenon remains largely undocumented in published literature from other parts of the world. No matter the emissions scenario over the next decades, sea level rise (SLR) is projected to continue worldwide until at least the end of the 21st century, continually pushing the frequency and severit

Cities play a crucial role in mitigating climate change, yet reducing transportation emissions remains a challenge. Achieving decarbonization in the transportation sector requires systemic transformations across society. However, there is still a limited understanding of how transitions within transportation can be achieved, and further insight is needed to guide cities in driving transformative c

Okawangodeltat är södra Afrikas största våtmark och en av världens minst påverkade våtmarker. Kunskapen om hur våtmarkssystemet fungerar är begränsad, särskilt vad gäller halter av näringsämnen och omsättning av näringsämnen i de dominerande våtmarksväxterna. I den här studien presenteras analyser av kol- , kväve- och kiselhalter i Cyperus papyrus som är den dominerande akvatiska växten i stora deThe Okavango Delta is southern Africa’s greatest wetland and is among one of the most pristine wetlands in the world. There is moderate information about how this system functions, however, the research on nutrient concentrations and cycles is especially limited. This study provides new knowledge on the Okavango Delta by analysing samples of Cyperus papyrus, one of the main aquatic plants in the a

The banking industry is getting more data driven and one of the main drivers of this is the Open Banking phenomenon. Open Banking allows account holders to digitally transfer their banking data from their bank to third party companies, it also allows third party companies to initiate payments on behalf of an account holder. Open Banking has been growing in importance in recent years and creates ne

Utsläpp från jordbruk och förbränning av fossila bränslen ökar den atmosfäriska belastningen av reaktivt kväve (N). Kvävenedfall beräknas fortsätta utgöra betydande skada både för miljön och människors hälsa under de kommande decennierna. Övergödning som resultat av kväveläckage är en av de negativa effekterna av nedfallet. Den inträffar när tillförseln av N in i ett ekosystem överstiger upptagninEmissions from agriculture and the combustion of fossil fuels increase the atmospheric load of reactive nitrogen (N). N deposition is projected to continue posing significant harm both for environmental and human health over the upcoming decades. Eutrophication as a result of N leaching is one of the negative effects of heavy deposition. It occurs when the input of N into an ecosystem exceeds its