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Questions about institutional stability and change are critically important for any understanding of political institutions. The field of Historical institutionalism in political science has described, studied and theorized institutions for decades. One of the most recurring concepts utilized in the explanation of institutional stability is path dependence, describing theoretical and empirical mec

Råttan är en däggdjursart med en kort dräktighetstiden och föds därför mycket omogen. Den är vid födelsen naken, blind och döv och är helt beroende av sin moder för många funktioner, såsom näringstillförsel, termoreglering, urinering och tarmtömning. Under diperioden är råttans mag-tarmsystem och matsmältning helt anpassad till modersmjölkdieten. Bland annat är tarmens barriärfunktion omogen, vilk

Disturbed haemostasis is a central finding in severe Streptococcus pyogenes infection. In particular, microthrombi are found both at the local site of infection and at distant sites. Platelets are responsible for maintaining vascular function and haemostasis. We report here that M1 protein of S. pyogenes triggers immune-mediated platelet activation and thrombus formation. M1 protein is released fr

A dry release method for fabrication of suspended nanostructures is presented. The technique has been combined with an anti-stiction treatment for fabrication of nanocantilever based nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). The process combines a dry release method, using a supporting layer of photoresist which is removed using oxygen ashing in a reactive ion etcher (RIE), with CHF3 plasma induced de

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) causes a variety of diseases, including acute pharyngitis, impetigo, rheumatic fever and the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Moreover, S. pyogenes was responsible for the classical example of a nosocomial infection, the epidemics of puerperal fever (childbed fever) that caused the death of numerous women in earlier centuries. The most extensively

The nervous system is constantly infiltrated by blood-derived sentinels known as perivascular macrophages. Their immediate precursors have not yet been identified in situ and the mechanism that governs their recruitment is mostly unknown. Here, we provide evidence that CD68 (+)GR(-) monocytes can give rise to perivascular macrophages in mice suffering from endotoxemia. After adhesion to the endoth

Recently, to reach zero emission levels, some new energy systems based on fuel cells have been developed. This paper presents a review of investigations of these systems by thermodynamics performance, mainly, energy and exergy analysis. With energy analysis, the performance of an energy conversion system cannot be effectively and accurately evaluated. But exergy analysis complements and reinforces