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Background and objective: Human studies of arterio-venous (AV) differences in drug concentrations and the consequences for pharmacokinetic modelling and concentration-effect relationships are very limited. We therefore investigated the intravenous and intra-arterial concentrations of alcohol (ethanol) during the absorption, distribution and elimination stages of alcohol metabolism in healthy men.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bröstcancer är den vanligaste dödsorsaken bland cancersjuka kvinnor. Därför rekommenderas regelbundna mammografiska hälsokontroller för tidig diagnostik och snar behandling för att förbättra prognosen. I Sverige rekommenderas kontroller för kvinnor mellan 40-74 år. Mammografiska hälsokontroller medför dock även risker, såsom till exempel behov av kompletterande bröstundOne side-effect of breast cancer (BC) screening is a false-positive mammogram among healthy women. That is, finding(s) on a screening mammogram that lead to additional breast examinations but where the woman is eventually considered free from BC. There is evidence of short-term psychosocial consequences of false-positive BC screening. Regarding long-term consequences, research findings are inconsi

Background: Thrombolysis is a common method in the treatment of lower extremity bypass graft occlusion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of thrombolytic therapy in the management of acute bypass graft occlusion and to identify risk factors for technical failure and amputation. Methods: All patients at two tertiary referral centers undergoing thrombolysis for acute graft occ

The presented thesis work is concerned with the study of molecular dynamics using liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Spin relaxation dispersion experiments in the rotating frame (R_1ρ) are employed to provide a detailed, atomic-resolution view of protein dynamics. Comprehensive investigations of ¹⁵N backbone and ¹³C methyl side-chain confor

utföras med befintliga materialmodeller. Vid framtagning av en ny materialmodell för wellpapp behövs något att verifiera mot för att kontrollera att egenskaperna stämmer överens med verkligheten. För detta ändamål utvecklas inom detta examensarbete en infästning för dragprov av wellpapp. För att kunna utvärdera de olika framtagna förslagen har beräkningar i ANSYS utförts för att kontrollera hur sp

Popular Abstract in Swedish Levande organismer, inklusive människor, har en 14C/12C-kvot som återspeglar miljön. När materialet dör slutar kroppen att fylla på 14C och kroppens 14C börjar sönderfalla till 14N. Detta gav upphov till den klassiska 14C-dateringsmetoden, vilken utvecklades av professor W.F. Libby, 1949 och gav honom Nobelpriset i kemi 1960. 14C-datering används huvudsakligen inom arkeThe testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, in the middle of the 20'h century, resulted in a bomb-pulse excess of atmospheric 14C. A bomb-pulse dating method was thus developed. The latter is a method to determine the time of formation of formerly living modern (i.e. living after 1955) material , based on the 14C/ 12C ratio in it. The objective of this work was to evaluate the factors that c

Cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is commonly observed upon neuroimaging examination in individuals exposed to repetitive head impacts (RHI) and post-mortem in cases with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Consequently, CSP has been proposed as a potential biomarker for RHI-related neurodegeneration, yet prevalence estimates of CSP across other neurodegenerative diseases and its clinical implications a

Background: Cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness globally, disproportionately affecting populations in low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, cataracts remain a significant public health concern. Despite the effectiveness of cataract surgery in restoring vision, information on recovery time and its predictors remain limited. The aim of this study was to assess time to re

Jordbruket är grundläggande för livsmedelssäkerhet och försörjning på landsbygden, men sektorn står inför varaktiga hållbarhetsutmaningar. Moderna produktionssystem har ökat avkastningen men också bidragit till markförstöring, förlust av biologisk mångfald och utsläpp av växthusgaser. Denna avhandling undersöker hur jordbrukspolitiska styrmedel kan utformas för att förbättra både den ekonomiska efAgriculture is fundamental to food security and rural livelihoods, but the sector faces persistent sustainability challenges. Modern production systems have increased yields but also contributed to soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. This thesis examines how agricultural policy instruments can be designed to improve the economic efficiency and environmental effective

IMPORTANCE: The outcomes of newborn infants of women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate neonatal outcomes in relation to maternal SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in pregnancy.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Nationwide, prospective cohort study based on linkage of the Swedish Pregnancy Register, the Neonatal Quality Register, and the Register for Communicab

The concept of “Sustainable water use” (SWU) aims to assure three pillars of sustainability related to the water sector: the social, environmental, and economical. Industrial development, especially in developing countries, requires an adequate response, as industrial activities are recognized as one of the major sources of water pollution, what leads to deterioration of environmental safety and w

Importance: Preterm delivery has been associated with future cardiometabolic disorders in women. However, the long-term risks of chronic hypertension associated with preterm delivery and whether such risks are attributable to familial confounding are unclear. Such knowledge is needed to improve long-term risk assessment, clinical monitoring, and cardiovascular prevention strategies in women. Objec

Importance: Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is presently approved for treatment of advanced breast cancer and after incomplete response to neoadjuvant therapy, but the potential of T-DM1 as monotherapy is so far unknown. Objective: To assess pathologic complete response (pCR) to standard neoadjuvant therapy of combination docetaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (DTP) vs T-DM1 monotherapy in patients

The science of decision making is studied in many areas of science and engineering, for example within, computer science, automatic control theory, mathematics and neurophysiology. The aim of this text is to provide a very brief overview of some of the models and tools used within mathematical decision making. These models can be studied in terms of an agent that observes the world and takes decis

Importance: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) may contribute to the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) through its association with inflammation and cardiac remodeling. Objective: To determine whether CHIP was associated with AF, inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers, and cardiac structural changes. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a population-based, prospective cohort

IMPORTANCE: The number of patients prescribed long-term opioids and benzodiazepines and complications from their long-term use have increased. Information regarding the perioperative outcomes of patients prescribed these medications before surgery is limited.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patients prescribed opioids and/or benzodiazepines within 6 months preoperatively would have greater short- a

Background: In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the associations between tau pathology and brain atrophy and cognitive decline are well established, but imperfect. We investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of biological processes (vascular, synaptic, and axonal integrity, neuroinflammation, neurotrophic factors) explain the disconnection between tau pathology and brain atrophy (brain re

Background: Up-to-date estimates of stroke burden and attributable risks and their trends at global, regional, and national levels are essential for evidence-based health care, prevention, and resource allocation planning. We aimed to provide such estimates for the period 1990–2021. Methods: We estimated incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) counts and age-standard

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dementia cases are expected to triple during the next 30 years, highlighting the importance of finding modifiable risk factors for dementia. The aim of this study is to investigate whether adherence to conventional dietary recommendations or to a modified Mediterranean diet are associated with subsequent lower risk of developing all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (A