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Due to the scarcity of reliable and highly resolved moisture proxies covering much of the Holocene, there has been increased interest in the study of living and subfossil peatland trees sensitive to gradual and extreme chang- es in hydrology, precipitation, and related environmental processes. Peatland development and the associated carbon accumulation, which are strongly influenced by hydrologicaDue to the scarcity of reliable and highly resolved moisture proxies covering much of the Holocene, there has been increased interest in the study of living and subfossil peatland trees sensitive to gradual and extreme changes in hydrology, precipitation, and related environmental processes. Peatland development and the associated carbon accumulation, which are strongly influenced by hydrological

En majoritet av de nordliga torvmarkerna utvecklades under holocen som ett resultat av en positiv massbalans mellan nettoprimärproduktion och heterotrofa nedbrytningshastigheter. Sedan dess har de lagrat stora mängder kol i terrestra ekosystem. En betydande del av dessa områden sammanfaller också med regioner med underliggande permafrost och uppvisar olika ackumulationsmönster av torv. Således, föThe majority of the northern peatlands developed during the Holocene as a result of a positive mass balance between net primary productivity (NPP) and heterotrophic decomposition rates. Over that time they have sequestered a huge amount of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. A significant proportion of these areas also coincides with areas underlain with permafrost and shows a diverse range of peat

Access to clean and affordable energy is one of the cornerstones of the world’s society. Sincethe introduction of the internal combustion engine, diesel engines have become widely usedfor transportation in the commercial sector. These engines are attractive as they have lowfuel consumption, but are also associated with high emissions of air pollutants, such asNOX and soot. These emissions are direAccess to clean and affordable energy is one of the cornerstones of the world's society. Since the introduction of the internal combustion engine, diesel engines have become widely used for transportation in the commercial sector. These engines are attractive as they have low fuel consumption, but are also associated with high emissions of air pollutants, such as NO$_X$ and soot. These emissions a

This paper investigates the regulation of publicly organized early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Denmark and Sweden, through the regulatory welfare state (RWS) framework. The analysis focuses on how alterations in funding and quality of care are shaped by governmental and nongovernmental actors at national and local levels of government. Through focused structured analysis, we examine howThis paper investigates the regulation of publicly organized early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Denmark and Sweden, through the regulatory welfare state (RWS) framework. The analysis focuses on how alterations in funding and quality of care are shaped by governmental and nongovernmental actors at national and local levels of government. Through focused structured analysis, we examine how

Popular Abstract in Swedish Tarmväggen har till uppgift att både absorbera vatten och näringsämnen till kroppen, och samtidigt utgöra en barriär mot alla de bakterier, gifter och skadliga ämnen som vi får i oss. Tarmväggen innehåller också kroppens största förråd av immunologisk vävnad, dvs de celler och ämnen som utgörs kroppens försvar. I mag-tarmkanalen, ffa i tjocktarmen, finns 100 biljoner (1The gastrointestinal tract harbours a huge load of bacteria which exerts important biological functions to maintain health. In certain conditions the relation between commensal bacteria and pathogens may be set off balance, with an increase in number of pathogens and risk of bacterial translocation (BT). Disease and trauma may also render the intestinal barrier dysfunctional, inducing BT and incre

Sedan 2001 har EU-domstolen vid upprepade tillfällen framhållit att var och en som har lidit skada som orsakats av en överträdelse av EU:s konkurrensregler ska kunna kräva full ersättning för denna skada. Det har dock visat sig svårt för personer och företag som drabbats av en konkurrensskada att utnyttja denna EU-rättsliga rätt till ersättning. I syfte att främja skadeståndsprocesser baserade på Since 2001 the CJEU has repeatedly stated that, as a matter of EU law, any individual must be able to obtain compensation for harm suffered because of an infringement of EU competition law. As of today, victims of infringements of EU competition law are unable to effectively exercise that EU right. By introducing a Proposal for Directive, the Commission has taken a major step forward in promoting

The indoor climate conditions in buildings have changed in the last decade due to more efficient climatic systems, floor heating systems and larger open floor areas with more natural light. These factors all give increased annual variations in the humidity and the temperature in parquet floors. Such variations can result in troublesome deformations, glue line delamination and development of cracks

Svenska kommuner innehar i dag stora mänger geografisk information, information som är nödvändig för att sköta kommunen. Förr i tiden var all geografisk information i pappersformat, sedan digitalerades den och fördes in i datorn. Detta examensarbete har fokuserat på hur man kan ta nästa steg, från datorn till mobiltelefonen. Dagens tekniska framsteg på den mobila marknaden har gett oss en helt ny Swedish municipalities today hold large amounts of geographical information, information that is necessary to manage the municipality. In the past all geographical information was stored in paper format, but it has now been digitalized and stored in computers. This thesis has focused on how to take the next step, from the computer to the mobile phone. Today's technological advances in the mobi

Alltsedan incitamentsprogrammen introducerades i Sverige med inspiration från USA i mitten på 1900-talet har beskattningen av dem orsakat såväl tillämpningsproblem som debatt. Det handlar om de situationer där ett företag erbjuder anställda aktier i bolaget antingen i form av värdepapper eller personaloptioner. Den förra medför en rättighet direkt, medan den senare innebär en framtida rätt under fSince incentive plans first arrived to Sweden with inspiration from the U.S. in the middle of the 20th century the taxation of the programs have caused application problems as well as debate. The issue concerns situations where an employee is offered shares in the company based on securities or stock options. The employee hopes that he or she will get a piece of the profit in the future, while the

The relationship between the indoor environment and health is complex as people in modern societies spend more than 90% of their time indoors. Long -time and follow-up assessment of indoor environmental quality is important in reference to the health and wellbeing of those who occupy space within it. Physical factors such as temperature, air drag, noise and lighting affect our health and well-bein

Frågan om restprodukter – ämnen eller material som oavsiktligt framställts i en produktionsprocess – ska utgöra avfall eller inte är en omdebatterad fråga i EU:s avfallslagstiftning. EU-domstolen har tagit upp frågan i ett flertal mål och genom sin praxis ställt upp kriterier som utgör en princip för när en restprodukt utgör en biprodukt och inte ett avfall – i detta arbete benämnt biproduktprinciThe question if a residual substance – a material that has been unintentionally produced in a production process – should be regarded as a waste is a heavily debated question in EU waste legislation. The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has brought the question to attention in a number of cases, and has through its case law put forward a number of criteria as to when a residual substance shall be c

The thesis has two main purposes. The first one aims at establishing the current legal situation for employees’ freedom of expression and right to criticize the organization in which they work. This is done on a national level as well as on a European level. The second purpose is to investigate the level of protection that Swedish law provides for so called whistleblowers; employees who reveal pos

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: En tredjedel av våra kärlväxter, och inte mindre än två tredjedelar av de rödlistade arterna, återfinns i semi-naturliga gräsmarker. Under de senaste 150-200 åren har denna typ av område minskat med omkring 90 % i Sverige och de kvarvarande gräsmarkerna drabbas av både kvalitetsförsämringar, som följd av minskat bete, gödsling o.s.v., och av en ökad fragmenterinSemi-natural grasslands are amongst our most species rich habitat types and house many threatened plant and animal species. These grasslands suffer from both quality deteriorations due to abandonment, fertilization etc., and from an increasing landscape fragmentation. In fragmented areas patches are smaller and more isolated from each other. If the anthropogenic influence is high, then they also t

I januari 1998 lades en del av länsväg 155 om till den nyöppnade Lundbytunneln i Göteborg. Tidigare leddes den motordrivna trafiken på denna länsväg längs bl.a. Västra Bräckevägen, Östra Bräckevägen och Stålhandskegatan. När trafiken lades om och ner i Lundbytunneln torde det bl.a. ha varit så att bullernivåerna vid nämnda vägar minskade. Det är därför troligt att marknadsvärdet steg på de närliggIn January 1998, the Lundby tunnel opened in Gothenburg. Prior to that, the motor driven traffic was routed on county road 155 (länsväg 155) along e.g. Västra Bräckevägen, Östra Bräckevägen and Stålhandskegatan. When the traffic was rerouted to go down the Lundby tunnel instead, the previous noise pollution levels caused by the traffic frictions were consequently reduced on said roads. It is a pos

Since the demand on ready-to-eat (RTE) and raw, minimally processed products is high and increasing in today´s market, the microbial quality is important. One of these products is RTE salads and salads mixes that are bagged and since it is supposed to be eaten raw without any step to reduce the microbial load, these types of products are considered to be risk foods and that the risk of foodborne o

Syftet med denna rapport var att problemen med underhållsprogram skulle undersökas och sedan till en viss mån lösas. Det fanns 3 frågeställningar i denna rapport och dessa var vilka problem som användarna upplever med underhållsprogram, hur problemen kan lösas och vad underhållsprogram används till idag och vad dessa kommer användas till i framtiden. Undersökningen genomfördes genom intervjuer medThe purpose of this report was to investigate and to some extent resolve the problems with maintenance programs. There were 3 aims in this report and these were what problems the users experience with maintenance programs were going to be enlightened, that the problems were going to be solved and what maintenance programs are used for today and what they will be used for in the future were to be i

Fastigheter omfattar stora ekonomiska värden och för privatpersoner hör en fastighetsöverlåtelse ofta till en av de stora affärerna man gör i livet. Det är således viktigt att ansvarsfördelningen vid fel och brister i fastigheten blir tydlig så att köparen, säljaren respektive mäklaren vet vilket ansvar som gäller. Detta ansvar regleras i jordabalken och i fastighetsmäklarlagen. För köparen innebäProperties represents great economic value and a property acquisition can be the biggest transaction one will do in a lifetime. Transparence regarding the defect-rules are therefore of great importance. According to the Swedish Land Code the buyer has a duty to examine. This thesis purpose is to define the current legal situation regarding this duty, as well as if a duty to inform exists for the s

While female labour market participation is increasing worldwide, the development in Chile is slow and concentrated to the capital city of Santiago de Chile. Education has been found to increase female labour market participation in several studies, where my thesis contributes to the research with more careful analysis of the effects of higher education. Rather than analysing the joint effect of h