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Varumärken utgör en viktig kommunikationskanal för varumärkesinnehavaren. Det finns dock fler än varumärkesinnehavaren som vill kunna använda varumärket för att kunna förmedla olika typer av budskap, bl.a. ideella organisationer. Det händer att ideella organisationer använder kända företags varumärken och skapar varumärkesparodier och använder det i kritiska kampanjer eller konstverk. Syftet är ofTrademarks are an important communication tool for the trademark owner. However, the trademark owner is not the only one who may wish to use the trademark to convey different types of messages. Occasionally, non-profit organizations use the trademarks of well-known companies and create trademark parodies and use them in critical campaigns or art. The purpose is often to effectively draw peoples’ a

The concept using inside information has its origin in Directive 2003/6/EC on insider dealing and market manipulation, Market Abuse Directive. The Market Abuse Directive requires Member States to prohibit and penalize market abuse. The expression using inside information is found in the prohibition on insider dealing in Article 2.1 in the Directive. This article requires Member States to prohibit Begreppet utnyttjande av insiderinformation har sitt ursprung i direktiv 2003/6/EG om marknadsmissbruk, MmD. MmD ålägger medlemsstaterna att förbjuda och beivra marknadsmissbruk. Uttrycket utnyttjande av insiderinformation återfinns i förbudet mot insiderhandel, som i huvudsak regleras i artikel 2.1 i MmD. Artikel 2.1 föreskriver att medlemsstaterna ska förbjuda en person som förfogar över insider

Denna uppsats behandlar vissa ämnesområden avseende reglerna om miljöskadestånd i 32 kap MB utifrån såväl ett deskriptivt som normativt perspektiv. I uppsatsens görs initialt en introduktion till ämnet och de relevanta bestämmelserna i MB tillsammans med hithörande praxis. I sammanhanget fokuseras främst på den orts- och allmänvanlighetsbedömning som domstolarna har att göra vid bedömning av milThis essay deals with topics related to environmental pollution damages regulated in the 32nd chapter of the Swedish Environmental Code. First in the essay, there is an introduction to the relevant sections in the Code, with focus on the assessment that has to be made regarding how common a certain pollution is within its nearby area and within the whole country. If the damage is not caused by i

The aim of this paper is to summarize the general status of our understanding of small-x physics. It is based on presentations and discussions at an informal meeting OIL this topic held in Lund, Sweden, in March 2001. This document also marks the founding of an informal collaboration between experimentalists and theoreticians with a special interest in small-x physics. This paper is dedicated to t

Background and purpose: beta(2)-Adrenoceptor agonists (beta(2)-agonists) are important bronchodilators used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. At the molecular level, beta(2)-adrenergic agonist stimulation induces desensitization of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor. In this study, we have examined the relationships between initial effect and subsequent reduction of respo

In the late nineteenth and for much of the twentieth century, an academic career in Sweden was highly dependent on what grade a scholar’s doctoral dissertation was awarded. Unless receiving a so-called “docent grade”, basically declaring the scholar eligible for seeking the title of docent (associate professor), the prospects of maintaining an academic career were bleak. Throughout the period, thi

Popular Abstract in Swedish Stjärnors radialhastigheter har i mer än ett sekel haft betydelse för studiet av Vintergatans och stjärnhoparnas kinematik. Radialhastigheten är den hastighet en stjärna, eller ett annat objekt, har längs synlinjen från en given observatör. Hittills har radialhastigheter bestämts med hjälp av spektroskopi, genom att observera spektrallinjer vars vilovåglängder är kända.This work demonstrates the determination of absolute stellar radial velocities from geometrical principles, i.e. using astrometry. Such `astrometric radial velocities' are obtained independently of spectroscopic information. While spectroscopic radial velocities are affected by line shifts from astrophysical processes on the stellar surfaces, by gravitational redshift and various other effects, as

BACKGROUND: The study is part of a collaborative project (Inuendo), aiming to assess the impact of dietary persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) on human fertility. The aims with the present study are to analyze inter-population variations in serum concentrations of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE), to assess inter-popul

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease of unknown etiology. Multiple genetic factors are believed to be involved in its pathogenesis. In addition, and due to genetic heterogeneity, these factors and/or their combinations may be different in different ethnic groups, while some might be shared between populations. We have performed genome scans in multicase families from three different populatio

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may affect male reproductive function. Many dioxin-like POPs exert their effects by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling pathway. We analysed whether gene-environment interactions between polymorphisms in AHR (R554K) and AHR repressor (AHRR P185A) and serum levels of markers of POP exposure 1,1-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (p,

The "European Guidelines on Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Radiographic Images" do not address the choice of the film characteristic (H&D) curve, which is an important parameter for the description of a radiographic screen–film system. The image contrast of clinical lumbar spine and chest radiographs was altered by digital image processing techniques, simulating images with different H&D

YKL-40, also called human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (HC gp-39), is a member of family 18 glycosyl hydrolases. YKL-40 is secreted by chondrocytes, synovial cells, and macrophages, and recently it has been reported that YKL-40 has a role as an autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The function of YKL-40 is unknown, but the pattern of its expression in normal and disease states suggests that it c

Aims Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine, which is implicated in some metabolic disorders and may play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease. We examined whether plasma TNF-alpha is related to established cardiovascular risk indicators, plasma levels of soluble cellular adhesion molecules and carotid artery intima-media thickness determined by ultra

High-spin states in Nd-138 have been investigated with the reaction Zr-94(Ca-48,4n), using the GASP array. A new rotational band has been identified, which has close similarities with the well known highly deformed bands of the lighter Nd isotopes, and is therefore interpreted as built on the second minimum of the nuclear potential energy surface. From comparison with calculations a configuration

The ability of citizens to establish the credibility of information andinformation sources through critical assessment is oftenemphasized as essential for the upholding of a democraticsociety and for people’s health and safety. Drawing on material-discursive conceptualizations, the article asks, how does criticalassessment of information and information sources play out as itis folded into a netwo

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease arising from the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells. The disease represents a continuum, progressing sequentially at variable rates through identifiable stages prior to the onset of symptoms, through diagnosis and into the critical periods that follow, culminating in a variable depth of beta cell depletion. The ability to identify the ve