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Ectomycorrhizae is a mutualistic association between roots of woody plants and a diverse range of soil fungi. The fungi exchange soil derived mineral nutrients for photosynthetic sugars from the host plant. The mycorrhizal symbioses are commonly found in all forest ecosystems and have a major ecological and economical importance. I have used comparative genomics, DNA microarrays and computational

Optogenetic techniques provide powerful tools for bidirectional control of neuronal activity and investigating alterations occurring in excitability disorders, such as epilepsy. In particular, the possibility to specifically activate by light-determined interneuron populations expressing channelrhodopsin-2 provides an unprecedented opportunity of exploring their contribution to physiological and p

Nematode-trapping fungi are ubiquitous, soil-living organisms with the ability to infect and kill nematodes. These fungi have developed specialized infection structures for the capture of nematodes. Many nematode species are parasites on plants and animals, which have resulted in an interest to use nematode-trapping fungi as biological control agents. Through bioinformatics approaches, I have used

Despite great efforts, an unambiguous demonstration of entanglement of mobile electrons in solid state conductors is still lacking. Investigating theoretically a generic entangler-detector setup, we here show that a witness of entanglement between two flying electron qubits can be constructed from only two current cross correlation measurements, for any nonzero detector efficiencies and noncolline

During development, hematopoietic cells originate from endothelium in a process known as endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). To study human EHT, we coupled flow cytometry and single-cell transcriptional analyses of human pluripotent stem cell-derived CD34(+) cells. The resulting transcriptional hierarchy showed a continuum of endothelial and hematopoietic signatures. At the interface of

The Permanent Establishment (PE) concept plays a key role in the distribution of taxing rights between States by determining when the profits derived by an entity are taxable in a State other than the State of its residency. This concept, originally, evidenced the existence of sufficient economic allegiances between a non-resident entity and a State to justify taxation therein. However, the evolut

An ongoing discussion whether traditional toxicological methods are sufficient to evaluate the risks associated with nanoparticle inhalation has led to the emergence of Air-Liquid interface toxicology. As a step in this process, this study explores the evolution of particle characteristics as they move from the airborne state into physiological solution. Airborne gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are gene

This study aims to contribute to the research field of public diplomacy and nation branding on social media. The study examines how Swedish government representatives communicated nation branding, reputation management and public diplomacy. The chosen time period was January 12th to February 3rd because two events took place in Sweden that evoked strong reactions from the outside world. The resear

The purpose of this thesis is to explore Generation Z consumers’ expectations of in-store digital technologies and to enhance the understanding of different segments’ consumer values derived from in-store technologies. The analysis of the empirical material allowed to identify a new segment of Generation Z consumers, Conventionals, and reveal new consumer values derived from in-store technology wh

Ur beskattningssynpunkt har det stor betydelse huruvida en verksamhet anses utgöra handel med fastigheter eller inte. Om så är fallet bedrivs näringsverksamhet, och verksamheten träffas av specialreglerna i 27 kap. IL, varpå tillgångarna klassificeras som lagertillgångar. Det påverkar i sin tur dotterbolags möjlighet att med avdragsrätt lämna koncernbidrag till moderföretaget. Det har även betydelFrom a tax standpoint, it is of great importance whether a certain activity is considered to be professional real estate trading or not. The Swedish Income Tax Act (inkomstskattelagen) contains special provisions that applies when professional real estate trading is conducted, saying that a company’s assets can be classified as current assets. This will in turn affect a subsidiary’s possibility to

In the year of 2000 the world leaders signed on the Millennium Development Goals, which is eight measurable and time-bound targets to reduce world poverty and promote human rights. In order to achieve these sets of goals by 2015 a lot of foreign aid is being given. The approach towards aid and the MDGs are being criticised by William Easterly. He claims that this approach, which he calls planners

This report contains a study of thermal effects in concrete bridges. The purpose is to investigate the relevance of the temperature actions prescribed in the Swedish bridge standard, BRO 2002, for concrete bridges. The analyses are performed for a bridge cross-section model, exposed to climatic effects described by climate data for several Swedish locations. The program HEAT 2 was used to calculat

This thesis uses a discourse analytical approach based on Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe to critically analyze long term migration policies. Hegemony and antagonism are used to show the development of the “Root cause discourse”. The discourse is based on the assumption that mainly illegal migration from underdeveloped sender states to more developed receiving states will in time diminish due to