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BACKGROUND: Lead time, the estimated time by which screening advances the date of diagnosis, is used to calculate the risk of overdiagnosis. We sought to describe empirically the distribution of lead times between an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis. METHODS: We linked the Swedish cancer registry to two independent cohorts: 60-year-olds sampled in 1

Astrocytes form functionally and morphologically distinct populations of cells with brain-region-specific properties. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer possibilities to generate astroglia for studies investigating mechanisms governing the emergence of astrocytic diversity. We established a method to generate human astrocytes from hPSCs with forebrain patterning and final specification wit

Parasites exert a strong selection pressure on their hosts as manifested in behavioural antiparasite traits to reduce negative impacts on fitness. The numerous nest-dwelling ecto-parasites residing in avian nests make altricial birds excellent model-systems for investigating the relationship between parasites and their hosts. Here, we experimentally increased natural levels of hen fleas Ceratophyl

Importance Tracheal intubation is one of the most commonly performed and high-risk interventions in critically ill patients. Limited information is available on adverse peri-intubation events.Objective To evaluate the incidence and nature of adverse peri-intubation events and to assess current practice of intubation in critically ill patients.Design, Setting, and Participants The International Obs

A cluster of metabolic factors have been merged into an entity named the metabolic syndrome. Although the characteristics of this syndrome have varied over time the presently used definition was established in 2009. The presence of three abnormal findings out of five components qualifies a person for the metabolic syndrome: elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density

Klimatförändringarna kommer att påverka ekosystem och samhällen över hela världen. Det är ett problem som kräver drastiska och omedelbara förändringar av vårt sätt att leva och av våra samhällsstrukturer, och därmed politiskt engagemang av aldrig tidigare skådat slag. Under de senaste 30 åren, sedan bildandet av Förenta Nationernas ramkonvention om klimatförändringar (Klimatkonventionen; UNFCCC) åThe rise of climate change as an issue of global concern has rested on scientific representation and understanding of the causes and impacts of, and responses to climatic change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in particular, has been central to how climate change has become known as a global political problem. This thesis aims to critically examine the production, negotiatio

DNA methylation patterns change with age and can be used to derive an estimate of "epigenetic age," an indicator of biological age. Several studies have shown associations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with worse somatic health and early mortality, raising the possibility of accelerated biological aging. This study examined associations between estimated epigenetic age and various variab

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) maps RNA level patterns within a tissue. This technology has not been previously applied to human placental tissue. We demonstrate analysis of human placental samples with ST. Unsupervised clustering revealed that distinct RNA patterns were found corresponding to different morphological structures. Additionally, when focusing upon terminal villi and hemoglobin associat

Abstract: Birds have evolved morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations, encoded in their migratory programs, to enable successful migration. Sometimes, even closely related species, such as the Eurasian reed warbler and the sedge warbler, may adopt different migration strategies to reach their wintering grounds in sub-Saharan Africa. To study them in detail, we aimed to compare the

Wintering energy management in small passerines has focused on the adaptive regulation of the daily acquisition of energy reserves within a starvation-predation trade-off framework. However, the possibility that the energetic cost of living, i.e. basal metabolic rate (BMR), is being modulated as part of the management energy strategy has been largely neglected. Here, we addressed this possibility

BackgroundNursing home residents in Sweden are old, frail and usually have multiple morbidities which often make dying a prolonged suffering. It has been found that older persons at nursing homes receive far less palliative care than younger persons, partly because it is difficult to identify when the final stage of life begins. The identification may help the staff to enable the older person and

Neutrophil recruitment and plasma exudation are key elements in the immune response to injury or infection. Activated neutrophils stimulate opening of the endothelial barrier; however, the underlying mechanisms have remained largely unknown. In this study, we identified a pivotal role of the proinflammatory kallikrein-kinin system and consequent formation of bradykinin in neutrophil-evoked vascula

Observational learning is a successful method for improving writing skills in various genres. We explore effects of a five lesson intervention series based on peer observation. Fifty-five Swedish 5th-grade students aged 10-12 years followed this intervention program. The language and reading comprehension and working memory capacity were tested. The students watched short film-clips with peers wor

This paper is part of my ongoing doctoral research centered on “Street Art and Cognitive Semiotics: The case of Athens” at the division of Cognitive Semiotics at Lund University. More concretely, in this article, a fresh approach, based on a constructive (verbo-) pictorial argument, is taken to attending the relationship between a cognitive semiotics approach and street art signs in a programmatic

The two-photon absorption (TPA) properties of β-carotene (beta-carotene) in chloroform solution were investigated over the 590-790 nm wavelength range. The TPA was characterized using the open-aperture z-scan technique with picosecond pulses provided by a widely traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier (OPA) pumped with a Ti:sapphire laser amplifier. We found the 0.2-1 cm/GW values of two photo