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Currently biofuels have strong political support, both in the EU and Sweden. The EU has, for example, set a target for the use of renewable fuels in the transportation sector stating that all EU member states should use 10% renewable fuels for transport by 2020. Fulfilling this ambition will lead to an enormous market for biofuels during the coming decade. To avoid increasing production of biofuel

The emergency department is a stressful environment, in which physicians are required to make fast and accurate diagnostic assessments amidst an ever increasing flood of clinical information, including a growing body of medical knowledge. Meanwhile, the digitization of medical health records in combination with recent breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence is ushering in a new era of precision m

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with an enormous burden of disease and cost to society. The dopamine deficiency hypothesis posits that negative reinforcement generated by a low brain dopamine state drives ethanol intake. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of combined administration of two dopamine-enhancing drugs, varenicline (a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Background: Individualized cancer rehabilitation should be an integral part of cancer care. Contact nurses play a key role in identifying patient needs and coordinating evidence-based interventions to support rehabilitation. However, cancer rehabilitation remains marginal in current practice, as contact nurses face challenges due to the lack of systematic processes for assessment, intervention, an

Science originates knowledge and downstream innovation. “Big” science is likely to, along the line, give rise to “big” innovation. Large research infrastructures are characterized by containing a large number of partners involved in complex networks of internal and external collaborations. This chapter explores how large research infrastructures (broadly defined) manage internally and externally t

Fetal programming may arise from prenatal exposure and increase the risk of diseases later in life, potentially mediated by the placenta. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize and critically evaluate publications describing associations between human placental changes and risk of atopic disorders during childhood. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemati

BACKGROUND: Discrimination may further impede access to medical care for individuals in socially disadvantaged positions. Sociodemographic information and perceived discrimination intersect and define multiple contexts or strata that condition the risk of refraining from seeking physician's care. By applying analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (AIHDA) we aimed to impro

Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) laser radiation is commonly produced via high-harmonic generation (HHG) in gases. The lasers that drive this process typically operate at low pulse repetition rates (<100 kHz). Under these operating conditions, the plasma generated by each laser pulse clears the generation volume before the next pulse arrives. Therefore, each laser pulse interacts with fresh plasma-free g

Den här artikeln granskar subskriptionerne på Markusevangeliet i 157 grekiska handskrifter, och noterar deras gradvisa utveckling från att vara identisk med titeln i den tidigaste fasen till att bli mer och mer utarbetad och betydelsefull för tolkningshistorien. Tidigt, vilket återspeglas i titeln, förknippades det andra evangeliet med Markus, känd för att vara Petrus lärjunge och tolk. Under det This article surveys the subscriptions to the Gospel of Mark in 157 Greek manuscripts, noting their gradual development from being identical to the title in the earliest phase to becoming more and more elaborate and significant for the history of interpretation. Early on, as reflected in the title, the Second Gospel was associated with Mark, known to be Peter’s disciple and interpreter. In the fou

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider has a broad physics programme ranging from precision measurements to direct searches for new particles and new interactions, requiring ever larger and ever more accurate datasets of simulated Monte Carlo events. Detector simulation with Geant4 is accurate but requires significant CPU resources. Over the past decade, ATLAS has developed and utilized

Background: Targeted therapeutic mild hypercapnia may attenuate brain injury in comatose adults resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Objective: To describe the study protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Targeted Therapeutic Mild Hypercapnia after Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest (TAME) trial. Design, setting, participants and interventions: TAME is a phase 3, multicentre, paralle

Advanced instrumentation and versatile setups are needed for understanding light interaction with biological targets. Such instruments include (1) microscopes and 3D scanners for detailed spatial analysis, (2) spectral instruments for deducing molecular composition, (3) polarimeters for assessing structural properties, and (4) goniometers probing the scattering phase function of, e.g., tissue slab

Significant efforts are ongoing to develop refined differentiation protocols to generate midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for application in disease modeling, diagnostics, drug screening, and cell-based therapies for Parkinson's Disease (PD). An increased understanding of the timing and molecular mechanisms promoting the generation of distinct subtypes of human mid

INTRODUCTION: Many depressed patients do not achieve remission with available treatments. Anhedonia is a common residual symptom associated with treatment resistance as well as low function and quality of life. There are currently no specific and effective treatments for anhedonia. Some trials have shown that dopamine agonist pramipexole is efficacious for treating depression, but more data is nee

Purpose: This study aimed to examine how young people living with Home Mechanical Ventilation experience the transition from childhood to young adulthood in relation to everyday life, perceived health and transition into adult professional healthcare. Methods: Nine young adults (three females and six males aged 18–31) were interviewed, and data was primary analysed using phenomenological hermeneut

Monitoring insects of different species to understand the factors affecting their diversity and decline is a major challenge. Laser remote sensing and spectroscopy offer promising novel solutions to this. Coherent scattering from thin wing membranes also known as wing interference patterns (WIPs) have recently been demonstrated to be species specific. The colors of WIPs arise due to unique fringy

Background: Current evidence suggests that use of intracoronary imaging during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) reduces mortality. However, there is a scarcity of data on the overall role of intracoronary imaging, particularly in other non-LMCA proximal coronary artery lesions. We aimed to investigate the association of use of intracoronary imaging o

Non-lethal infections are common in free-living animals and the associated sickness behaviours can impact crucial life-history trade-offs. However, little is known about the duration and extent of such sickness behaviours in free-living animals, and consequently how they affect life-history decisions. Here, free-living Eurasian blackbirds, Turdus merula, were immune-challenged with lipopolysacchar

Topic-independent expressions for conveying agreement and disagreement were annotated in a corpus of web forum debates, in order to evaluate a classifier trained to detect these two categories. Among the 175 expressions annotated in the evaluation set, 163 were unique, which shows that there is large variation in expressions used. This variation might be one of the reasons why the task of automati