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Two anionic fluorene-thiophene alternating copolymers, poly[9,9-bis(4-sulfonylbutoxyphenyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl-2,5-thienylene] (PBS-PFT) and poly [9,9-bis(4-sulfonylbutoxyphenyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl-2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'- diyl] (PBS-PF2T), have been synthesized and their solution behaviors in water studied by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence, and electrical conductivity and compared with th
In this prospective study, the 10- and 15-year incidence and course of retinopathy were examined in relation to medical risk indicators from 3.1 +/- 1.9 (mean -/+ SD) years diabetes duration and onwards in 29 adult type 1 diabetic patients treated under routine care. A total of 28 patients were followed for 10 years and 20 patients for 15 years diabetes duration. After 10 years diabetes duration,
This paper includes a brief description of some closely related ongoing research activities aiming at learning from failures in order to improve the resilience of the Swedish railway system. One of these activities includes the development of a method aiming at assessing the capability for restoring the service of the railway system after strains affecting its technical, and often highly interdepe
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar analys och förbättringar av en metod att mäta blödgenomströmning i vävnad med kontinuerlig ultraljudsdoppler. Tidigare har stora variationer i detekterat perfusionsvärde observerats som en effekt av speckle, eller våginterferens. Här presenteras en teoretisk modell som förklarar specklefenomenet i en sådan mätsituation. Modellen förutsäger deThis thesis has the main focus on ways to improve the blood perfusion estimate, as obtained from a continuous wave Doppler system. Earlier studies have shown large temporal variations in the detected perfusion estimate, due to speckle. Here, a theoretical model to predict frequency dependent characteristics of speckle in continuous wave ultrasound is presented. The model predicts the frequency shi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Gipsgjutning är ganska enkelt. Blanda gipset med vatten och rör runt lite. Häll därefter blandningen i en form om du vill ha en gipshund eller så, eller i en tallrik om du vill trycka av en kroppsdel. Om du vill ha en handavgjutning så tryck dit handen en stund och låt gipset stelna. Sedan är det klart. Bara den hand du gjutit av kommer att passa; var det högerhanden såMolecular imprinting is a technique by which polymeric materials selective for a given target molecule can be created through a casting procedure. Functionalised monomers are added to a solution of molecular templates. Monomer-template complexes are formed and subsequently fixed through polymerisation, and following removal of the template species from the resultant molecularly imprinted polymer,
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, mitochondrial structure, and biomechanical tissue support in the isolated porcine retina.Methods: Full-thickness retinal sheets were isolated from adult porcine eyes. Retinas were cultured for 2 or 48 h using (1) a previously established low-support explant protocol with photoreceptors
In this article we argue the need for more socio-legal scrutiny in a digitally mediated and data-driven development. We focus and briefly outline socio-legally relevant aspects of the “sharing” economy, that poses a number of conceptual issues on how we understand and regulate innovative platform based ventures. This also arguably underscores a number of issues relating to the role of consumer and
Bromide anations of PtBr5H2O− in the presence of PtBr42− or bromine, of trans-PtBr4(H2O)2 in the presence of PtBr42− and of cis-PtBr4(H2O)2 in the presence of bromine have been studied in 0.50 M perchloric acid medium at 25 °C. The rate law for the bromide anation of PtBr5H2O−indicates two parallel reaction paths. The term k′Br−2 corresponds to a bromide assisted mechanism. The second term i
Företagsskattekommitténs huvudförslag för nytt bolagsskattesystem är ett obeprövat beskattningssystem som inte finns i något annat land i världen. Denna uppsats behandlar både förslagets materiella innehåll och förslagets skattemässiga effekter för företag och branscher i Sverige. Kommitténs förslag är komplext och medför stora förändringar jämfört med dagens bolagsbeskattning. Förslaget innehålThe main proposal for a new corporate tax system from the Swedish Committee on Corporate Taxation is an untested system that does not exist in any other country in the world. This paper both deals with the content of the proposal and the tax effects of the proposed rules for companies and various lines of businesses in Sweden. The Committee’s proposal is complex and entails significant changes in
The concept of sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) is increasingly recognised as a valuable approach to flood risk mitigation and urban landscape planning. Many European cities are considering integrating SuDS features to their stormwater management practices. More frequent weather events and water quality issues have emerged among the main drivers to advance the discussion on innovative way
Den här uppsatsen behandlar hur palaeocopa ostrakodfossil av familjen Beyrichiidae, avsatta i sensilurisk lagerföljd på Gotland, påverkades av den så kallade Laukatastrofen som ägde rum i sen Ludlow. I lagerföljd avsatt under Laukatastrofen har bland annat anomalier i kolisotop, litologiförändringar och faunaförändringar påvisats, vilka är relaterade till globala havsnivåförändringar och en glaciaThis paper deals with how palaeocope ostracodes of the family Beyrichiidae, from the Silurian strata at Gotland were affected by the Late Silurian Lau Event. The Lau Event is associated with a positive carbon isotope excursion, lithology changes and faunal changes in accumulated strata related to sea-level changes and a glaciation in the Late Ludlow. In order to find out how the beyrichiid faunas
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea places states and the European Union under a legal duty to protect and preserve the marine environment set out in Part XII. When the European Union and its Member States implement international obligations, they are also under a duty to do that in accordance with the objectives, principles and approaches under Chapter 17 of Agenda 21. Furthermore
The underwater noise has a significant negative impact on marine animals. The EU has made efforts to keep noise emission within sustainable limits, but only in regards to boats with Automatic Identification System (AIS). The noise of recreational boats, which are the main noise emitter in coastal areas, is overlooked. Thus, there is a need to quantify the noise emitted by recreational boats and, i
Alla fastigheter är unika, framförallt i avseendet att de inte är flyttbara och att de investeringar som görs är bestående. Trots de unika karaktärsdrag som följer med en fastighet sker de flesta värderingar med schabloniserade marknadsantaganden baserat på typ av fastighet, läge och värdeår. Följden blir att fastigheter med hållbara och miljövänliga lösningar värderas på samma sätt, och med likarAll real estates are unique, especially based on the fact that they are non-moveable and investments are long lasting. Despite the unique traits of character, most of the valuations are made using average market data, based upon the type of property, the location and the year of value. The consequence of using market standards is that properties with sustainable and environmentally friendly soluti
In recent years the importance of lobby organizations in the American foreign policy making has increased. One organization that has gained significant influence is the Israel lobby. In this study I present the actors involved in the making of American foreign policy, the relationship America has with Israel and the strategies used by the Israel lobby to gain their influence. I use liberalism to d
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: AB Klippans Läderfabrik var under sina verksamma år en av de största arbetsgivarna i området. Ett flertal giftiga ämnen användes i verksamheten, främst krom men även formalin och under en kort period arsenik. Fabrikstomten kom med tiden att förorenas. Stora delar av fabriken brann ned år 1917 och röken från branden sträckte sig in över ett intilliggande villaomrDuring environmental investigations at the polluted Klippan Leather Factory, elevated levels of arsenic were detected in the adjacent residential area. The arsenic is believed to have originated from a fire in the leather factory in 1917, when a plume of smoke covered the residential area and deposited arsenic as fallout. Investigations showed that the pollution was located in the topsoil, and dur
The AIRE gene plays a key role in the development of central immune tolerance by promoting thymic presentation of tissue-specific molecules. Patients with AIRE-deficiency develop multiple autoimmune manifestations and display autoantibodies against the affected tissues. In 2016 it was reported that: i) the spectrum of autoantibodies in patients with AIRE-deficiency is much broader than previously
The Swedish referendum on the euro in September 2003 is an exceptional event for researchers of monetary unions and of European economic integration. Voters chose between maintaining the domestic currency, the krona, and replacing it with the euro, the single currency of the European Union. The referendum revealed significant dividing lines between Yes- and No-voters in areas such as income, edu
