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Solar radiation plays a pivotal role in the energy balance at the Earth's surface, evaporation, snow melting, water requirements of plants, and hydrological control of catchments. In this work, performance of ERA-Interim (a reanalysis dataset) was examined to estimate solar radiation at Ahvaz, BandarAbbas, and Kermanshah weather stations representing the even spatial distribution over Iran using e
BackgroundThe efficacy of technology-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (tCBT) for pediatric anxiety disorders (ADs) is uncertain as no meta-analysis has examined outcomes in trials that used structured diagnostic assessments at pre- and posttreatment.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of tCBT for pediatric ADs that included parti
Microscopy analysis of tumour samples is commonly performed on fixed, thinly sectioned and protein-labelled tissues. However, these examinations do not reveal the intricate three-dimensional structures of tumours, nor enable the detection of aberrant transcripts. Here, we report a method, which we name DIIFCO (for diagnosing in situ immunofluorescence-labelled cleared oncosamples), for the multimo
A novel kind of Z-scheme ternary heterojunctions phosphate-doped BiVO4/graphene quantum dots/P-doped g-C3N4 (BVP/GQDs/PCN) were fabricated for the visible light degradation of norfloxacin (NOR), a typical antibiotic. Compared with binary type-II heterojunction phosphate-doped BiVO4/PCN (BVP/PCN), Z-scheme BVP/GQDs/PCN exhibited promoted interfacial charge transfer efficiency and broadened visible
Fuel ethanol can be produced from softwood through hydrolysis in an enzymatic process. Prior to enzymatic hydrolysis of the softwood, pretreatment is necessary. In this study, two-step steam pretreatment employing dilute H2SO4 impregnation in the first step and SO2 impregnation in the second step, to improve the overall sugar and ethanol yield, was investigated. The first pretreatment step was per
Transverse momentum spectra of electrons from Au+Au collisions at roots(NN) = 130 GeV have been measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The spectra show an excess above the background from photon conversions and light hadron decays. The electron signal is consistent with that expected from semileptonic decays of charm. The yield of the electron sign
Mycorrhizal symbiosis involves reciprocal transfer of carbon and nutrients between shoots on the one hand and roots colonized by symbolic fungi on the other. Mycorrhizas may improve the mineral nutrient acquisition rates, but simultaneously increase the belowground demand for carbon. Mycorrhizal plants will have a selective advantage over non-mycorrhizal ones if they are more cost-efficient in ter
Hematopoietic cells contain secretory lysosomes that degranulate at sites of inflammation. We envisage that secretory granules can act as vehicles for targeting inflammatory sites, including malignancies, and thereafter, locally release therapeutically active agents to these sites. Exogenous proteins, such as the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1), have been shown previously to be t
Objectives: Audiologists provide professional contact and support between appointments to clients with hearing impairment using telephone and e-mail, but more advanced and flexible technological platforms are also possible. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical application of an Internet-based support system for audiologists and their first-time hearing aid clients. Design: An Internet-
Aim: This study evaluated the musculoskeletal effects of increased physical activity on children, starting at six to nine years of age. Methods: In one school we increased the physical education of 72 girls and 100 boys to 200 minutes per week over seven years. In three other schools, 45 girls and 47 boys continued to receive 60 minutes per week. We measured areal bone mineral density (aBMD) with
In this article, we endeavour to find a fast solver for finite volume discretizations for compressible unsteady viscous flows. Thereby, we concentrate on comparing the efficiency of important classes of time integration schemes, namely time adaptive Rosenbrock, singly diagonally implicit (SDIRK) and explicit first stage singly diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta (ESDIRK) methods. To make the compariso
Consumer goods manufacturers aiming to reduce the environmental impact associated with their products commonly pursue incremental change strategies, but more radical approaches may be required if we are to address the challenges of sustainable consumption. One strategy to realize step change reductions is to prepare a portfolio of innovations providing different levels of impact reduction in excha
Reconstructing the evolution of baleen whales (Mysticeti) has been problematic because morphological and genetic analyses have produced different scenarios. This might be caused by genomic admixture that May have taken place among some rorquals. We present the genomes of six whales, including the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), to reconstruct a species tree of baleen whales and to identify phy
Popular Abstract in Swedish Strålbehandling är en av de vanligaste behandlingarna mot cancer. Hälften av alla behandlingar syftar till att bota patienten från sjukdomen, men strålbehandling är även en mycket effektiv behandling för att lindra smärta och andra symptom för patienter med en obotlig cancer. Förberedelse inför strålbehandling är en komplicerad procedur, som innefattar många olika teknPreparation for radiotherapy is a complex procedure that involves many different technologies and groups of professionals. The rapid development and introduction of new technologies throughout the last decade have made it possible to deliver highly conformal, individually-shaped dose distributions with high accuracy. However, there is widespread concern that current quality assurance practices hav
What kind of indispensable cognitive ability is needed for intelligence, sociability, communication, and technology to emerge on a habitable planet? My answer is simple: intersubjectivity. I stress the significance of intersubjectivity, of shared cognition, for extraterrestrial intelligence and interstellar communication, and argue that it is in fact crucial and indispensable for any successful in
This thesis is divided into two parts in which two different aspects of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Project are discussed. The first part describes the design of a transition radiation tracker (TRT) for the inner detector in ATLAS. In particular, the barrel part was studied in detail. The barrel TRT consists of 52 544 1.5-m-long proportional tubes (straws), parallel to the beam axis and each
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems have been investigated as alternative power sources for the stationary and automotive applications. However, they do not appear on the market yet. One of the main reasons is the difficulty of the water/thermal management in the system. Several water recovery schemes have been proposed to overcome this difficulty and to simplify the system configur
The aim of this study was to validate the Edholm scale (Edholm, 1966) and the ISO 8996 standard (International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 1990) by comparing the metabolic rates estimated for both methods with the actual measured metabolic rate (MMeas) in 6 manual material handling tasks simulated under laboratory conditions. The metabolic rate was calculated from oxygen consumption VO
