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We consider the problem of link capacity dimensioning and bandwidth allocation in networks that support elastic flows and maintain proportional fairness among these flows. We assume that a certain allocated bandwidth to a user demand generates revenue for the network operator. On the other hand, the operator incurs a capacity dependent cost for each link in the network. The operator's profit is th
BackgroundThe complexity of analyzing eye-tracking signals increases as eye-trackers become more mobile. The signals from a mobile eye-tracker are recorded in relation to the head coordinate system and when the head and body move, the recorded eye-tracking signal is influenced by these movements, which render the subsequent event detection difficult.New methodThe purpose of the present paper is to
Cultural and creative activities are today described as central to regional and urban development by politicians and governments. Creative city policies are often aiming at economic benefits for the city itself, and there are normative purposes with many research studies as well as projects undertaken (Eckardt 2005; Markusen and Gadwa 2010; Kovacs 2011). Creative city policy is often oriented towa
Objectives. The Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD) is a collaborative effort of Nordic cardiac surgery centers to study acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Here, we outline the overall objectives and the design of NORCAAD. Design. NORCAAD currently consists of eight centers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden. Data was collected for patients undergoing surgery f
Objective: Studies of the importance of perinatal factors for the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are sparse. We conducted a large national cohort study to examine perinatal and familial risk factors for IBS. Material and methods: A national cohort of 1,963,685 persons who were born in Sweden in 1973–1992 (identified from the Swedish Birth Registry) were followed up for adult (18 yea
Background: Norovirus is frequently introduced to the hospital and is a frequent cause of hospital outbreaks. Recognition of the factors that facilitate or impede norovirus transmission is an important step to effectively prevent hospital outbreaks. Aim: To investigate risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in hospital settings. Methods: Clinical data, ward setting, and norovirus genotype were colle
This report summarises knowledge concerning the impact of the maintenance of bicycle and pedestrianinfrastructure. The aim of the literature review was to compile existing knowledge on operation andmaintenance of the transport infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists, the highlight how operation andmaintenance affect pedestrians and cyclists, in terms of accessibility, safety and security. The
European managed grasslands are amongst the most productive in the world. Besides temperature and the amount and timing of precipitation, grass production is also highly controlled by applications of nitrogen fertilizers and land management to sustain a high productivity. Since management characteristics of pastures vary greatly across Europe, land-use intensity and their projections are critical
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to gain a more in-depth understanding of the factors influencing how young consumers value mobile payment services and to develop a conceptual model that describes this process. Design/methodology/approach: Content analysis combined with interaction analysis was applied to empirical material consisting of nine focus group interviews with a total of 55 young ad
We present the first comprehensive, long-run estimates of Finnish wealth and its distribution from 1750 to 1900. Using wealth data from 17,279 probate inventories, we show that Finland was very unequal between 1750 and 1850; the top decile owned about 90% of total wealth. This means that Finland was more unequal than the much wealthier economies Britain, France and the US, which goes against the c
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate associations between hospitalization for epilepsy and two factors: socioeconomic status and occupation.DESIGN AND SETTING: A nationwide database was constructed in Sweden by linking the Swedish Census to the Hospital Discharge Register to obtain data on all first-time hospitalizations for epilepsy in adults in Sweden during the study period (1987
IntroductionThe World Health Organization (WHO) has concluded that physical inactivity and overweight/obesity are the world's fourth and fifth leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases, respectively. This article investigates the potential for active commuting by bicycle in Scania county, southern Sweden, and its possible impact on public health. Physical inactivity is a growing problem o
Renewable energy systems are likely to become wide spread in the future due to environmental demands. As a consequence of the dispersed nature of renewable energy systems, this implies that there will be a distributed generation of electric power. Since most of the distributed electrical energy sources do not provide their electric power at line frequency and voltage, a DC bus is a useful common c
The kinetics for the reactions between the complexes PtCln(H2O)4-n 2−n, n = 0,1,2,3,4, (including cis- and trans-isomers for n = 2) and ethene have been studied. In the case of trans-PtCl2(H2O)2, product analysis shows that both the chloride ligand and the aqua ligand are substituted by ethene in two parallel paths, differing in rate by a factor of 1.5 only. The experiments show that ethene, and p
The frequently used subincremental method has so far been based on a linear interpolation of the total strain path within each main step. This method has proven successful when elastic–plastic behaviour and secondary creep is involved. The present paper proposes a nonlinear subincremental method applicable to general elastic–plastic–creep behaviour including problems with a highly nonlinear total
We have examined concurrent and prospective validity of an index of self-reported walking (RW) of 307 home-dwelling women aged 75 years and above, of whom 155 in 1 year had in all 308 falls of which 13% resulting in fractures. It consists of five items concerning various aspects of self-reported walking identified by factor analysis. The sum score on this ''RW-index'' correlated moderately ( r = 0
This dissertation attempts to answer the question of why the 2003 armed conflict against Iraq received such varied support within the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, France and Spain. This is achieved by introducing a model in which the support for armed conflict is connected to elite persuasion operating in particular contexts. This model is tested in a comparative study, using inte
