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Despite the importance of regioselective reductive openings of cyclic acetals, mechanistic details are scarce. In this study 4,6-O-benzylidene acetals were used as model compounds for deciphering the mechanism of regioselective openings using a variety of reducing agents. Competitive isotopic studies aiming at primary and secondary isotope effects, as well as an electron-deficient substrate, were
Perinatal factors including high birth weight have been associated with childhood brain tumors in case-control studies. However, the specific contributions of gestational age and fetal growth remain unknown, and these issues have never been examined in large cohort studies with follow-up into adulthood. We conducted a national cohort study of 3,571,574 persons born in Sweden in 1973-2008, followed
International water resources agreements for transboundary rivers in southern Africa are generally founded in system analysis models for water planning and allocation. The Water Resources Yield Model (WRYM) developed in South Africa has so far been the only model applied in official joint water resources studies aimed to form water-sharing agreements. The continuous discussion around the model per
Measurements of water content profiles are of great interest in hydrology and soil science. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a well-established method for water content measurements; however, most TDR probe designs are suitable for measurements in only a small soil volume. In this article, a 1-m long TDR profiling probe with five measurement sections is described. Unlike most other previous prof
We develop theoretical and computational tools which can appraise traffic flow models and optimize their performance against current time-series traffic data and prevailing conditions. The proposed methodology perturbs the parameter space and undertakes path-wise analysis of the resulting time series. Most importantly the approach is valid even under non-equilibrium conditions and is based on p
In this investigation, a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolomic protocol for adherent cell cultures was developed using statistical design of experiments. Cell disruption, metabolite extraction, and the GC/MS settings were optimized aiming at a gentle, unbiased, sensitive, and high-throughput metabolomic protocol. Due to the heterogeneity of the metabolome and the inherent
Gold nanoelectrodes with gaps of less than 10 nm were formed by conventional E-beam lithography on silicon substrates covered by Al2O3. Molecular films were deposited on the electrodes by Langmuir-Shaefer technique. The I-V curves of such systems show a suppressed conductance indicating a correlated electron tunnelling through the system. All measurements were made at room temperature.
Popular Abstract in Swedish Extracellulär matrix är namnet på det molekylära nätverk vilket finns mellan celler i flercelliga organismer. Det består av socker och proteiner organiserade i olika vävnadsspecifika nätverk. Två huvudformer finns, basalmembran och interstitiell extracellulär matrix. Basalmembran ligger som en tunn filt under epitel- och endotelceller, runt fettväv, muskler och periferaBasement membranes are sheet like structures underlying epithelial, endothelial, adipocytes, muscle and peripheral nerve cells. Laminins are an important family of basement membrane proteins implicated in various biological functions through their interactions with cell surface receptors. Laminins are trimers composed of a, b and g chains. Integrins, dystroglycan and other transmembrane glycoprote
In this paper we present an algorithm for finding low-weight multiples of polynomials over the binary field using coding theoretic methods. The code defined by the public polynomial is cyclic, allowing an attacker to search for any shift of the sought codeword. Therefore, a code with higher length and dimension is used, having a larger number of low-weight codewords. Additionally, since the degree of
Increasing soft error rates for semiconductor devices manu- factured in later technologies enforces the use of fault tolerant techniques such as Roll-back Recovery with Checkpointing (RRC). However, RRC introduces time overhead that increases the completion (execution) time. For non-real-time systems, research have focused on optimizing RRC and shown that it is possible to find the optimal number
The propositions in this chapter are to a large extent drawn from the thesis Metaphors and norms – understanding copyright law in a digital society (Larsson 2011b), however with some important complements, not least concerning the implications of categorisation. The chapter is explorative in bringing findings from cognitive linguistics into the quite common socio-legal task of studying norms. Its
Popular Abstract in Swedish Läkning av achilles-senrupturer är idag en långdragen process, som ofta tar flera månader innan senan är fullt funktionsduglig. Syftet med studierna är att förbättra senläkningen i samband med achillesrupturer. Bone Morphogentic Proteins (BMP) är främst kända för att stimulera benläkning och bentillväxt. De lokala förhållandena har dock visat sig ha stor betydelse för cWe wanted to improve tendon healing by adding a growth factor. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are well known to stimulate bone healing and bone formation. The local environment is of major importance for cell differentiation after a BMP has been added. Cartilage Derived Morphogenetic Proteins (CDMPs) -1, -2 and -3 (BMP 14, 13 and 12 or GDF 5, 6 and 7) form a subgroup in the BMP-family and are
In this thesis, the fluid dynamic properties of the conventional Rushton turbine and another impeller type, the Scaba Radial flow Gas dispersing Turbine (with six concave blades) are compared. For comparison, point-wise velocity measurements were made in the discharge of the two turbine types using Hot-Wire Anemometry in constant temperature mode (CTA) with a split film probe. For the time-average
Popular Abstract in Swedish Olika former av ljus har använts i åtminstone 5000 år i medicinska sammanhang. Man har i många tidiga kulturer använt solljus för att behandla olika sjukdomar. Under det senaste århundradet har användandet av ljus introducerats i den västerländska medicinen. Nya former av ljusterapi har införts. Med utvecklingen av lasern på 1960-talet dök nya användningsområden upp. LaSome aspects on the use of light for tissue characterization and treatment of malignant tumours are discussed within this thesis. The work presented aims at improving optical techniques for tissue characterization, especially to detect malignant and pre-malignant lesions. A knowledge on the interaction between light and tissue is of utmost importance to understand and improve the various technique
